突然转变:清初满洲亲汉移民政策及其突然废止

IF 0.1 0 ASIAN STUDIES
A. Sepe
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在清朝统治中国的大部分时间里,满族统治者严格控制甚至禁止中国人迁移到清朝的祖国(隆兴至帝龍興之地). 只有两个短暂的阶段是例外,即顺治中期至康熙早期和雍正时期。在前者时期,1653年,颁布了《辽东人口和土地开垦条例》,对那些设法将100人或100多人迁移到辽河以东地区的人建立了诱人的激励措施。仅仅十五年后,当这一策略刚刚开始产生一些效果时,清廷就废除了它。从长远来看,这种方向的改变似乎是完全正常的,因为后来大部分土地都将被分配给八旗,而国家将努力将中国人拒之门外。然而,在短期内,这个决定似乎是突如其来的。关于是什么决定了这一转变的一场有趣的辩论始于20世纪初,一些最新的贡献发表在21世纪初;然而,到目前为止,没有一篇论文是完全令人信服的。在尚未考虑到的来源的基础上,本文进一步调查了这一问题,旨在证明在接下来的几十年里,迫使统治者正式反对移民的担忧在康熙执政的最初几年就已经存在。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Sudden Turnaround: The Pro-Han Immigration Policy in Manchuria and Its Abrupt Abrogation in Early Qing Era
For most of Qing domination over China, the Manchu rulers strictly controlled or even prohibited migration of Chinese people to the dynasty’s Motherland (long xing zhi di 龍興之地). Only two brief phases are an exception, namely the mid Shunzhi to early Kangxi and Yongzheng periods. During the former, in 1653, a “Regulation for the repopulation and land reclamation of Liaodong” was promulgated, establishing alluring incentives for whoever managed to move a hundred or more people to the region east of the Liao river. Only fifteen years later, when the maneuver had just started to produce some results, the Qing court abolished it. In the long term, such a change of direction appears perfectly normal, considering that later on most of the lands would be assigned to the Eight Banners and the state would have striven to keep the Chinese out. Nevertheless, in the short term, the decision seemed to come out of the blue. An interesting debate on what might have determined the turnabout began in the early twentieth century, and some most recent contributions have been published in the 2000s; yet none of the thesis proposed so far is fully convincing. On the basis of sources that have not yet been taken into account, this paper further investigates into the matter and aims at demonstrating that the concerns which compelled the rulers to officially oppose immigration in the following decades already existed in the very first years of Kangxi reign.
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Ming Qing Yanjiu
Ming Qing Yanjiu Multiple-
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