Improved Energy-Efficient Hybrid Protocol (I-EEHP) to Maximize Energy Conservation in Wireless Sensor Networks

– Nodes running on small batteries in a wireless sensor network (WSN) act as sensors, monitors, and controllers for the entire system. In IoT contexts, these sensor nodes are increasingly common for monitoring, measurement, and control. Minimizing the sensor nodes' energy consumption is essential for maximizing energy conservation and extending the nodes' lifespan. Prolonging the lifetime of a WSN helps cut down on the cost needed to replace or redeploy it. According to reviews of the literature, most of the energy is used for routing and data transfer. This article suggests an "Improved Energy-Efficient Hybrid Protocol (I-EEHP) to Maximize Energy Conservation in Wireless Sensor Networks" that combines these two elements to maximize energy efficiency in order to reduce the energy consumption resulting from routing and data transfer. The data transfer method of an "Energy Efficient Hybrid Protocol (EEHP)" is modified to design the I-EEHP. The I-EEHP uses a multihop hierarchical communication method to reduce energy usage. This makes the routing more energy efficient. In addition, this protocol uses a technique based on IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA to exchange data between cluster members, cluster heads, and sink nodes. This aids in node energy conservation, which ultimately increases the lifespan of the network. The efficiency of the proposed I-EEHP was compared with the already existing LEACH, EEHC, and EEHP using the simulation results. The I-EEHP exhibits noteworthy enhancements in network performance with regards to lifetime, energy, overhead, and packet delivery. The I-EEHP is a feasible option for low-cost and low-power WSN applications.