公共政策中的语言和学术界的制约因素

IF 0.4 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
R. Phillipson
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引用次数: 4

摘要

文章探讨了公共政策忽视学术建议的证据,并描述了超国家和国家层面语言政策领域的例子。当代的一个重要影响是,大学自治和学术自由正受到新自由主义压力的制约。描述了英国和丹麦的证据。这些趋势与从无主地的实践和意识形态到合法殖民和全球欧洲化,以及随之而来的对他人领土的剥夺,到全球美国化进程,无主文化在商业、媒体、学术界和国内生活中的普遍化的更广泛背景有关。这与英语作为一种无效语言的推广和确立相吻合,这种语言应该为全世界的所有人所学习,就好像它符合全球所有居民的利益,并且与语言扩展背后的因果因素脱节。温斯顿·丘吉尔的一次演讲主张保持大学的自主性和历史意识。另一位则呼吁英美在全球占据主导地位,包括将英语推广为“世界”语言。这些相互竞争的请求产生了不同的结果:学术自由和传统目前面临风险,而美国的主导地位以及英语的推广和扩展却蓬勃发展。北欧五国政府已采取行动,确保保持本国语言以及“国际语言”的能力。这可以通过描述大学应该如何确保平行能力,从而在英语和国家语言之间保持健康的平衡来证明。软实力离不开经济、政治和军事实力,所有这些都需要使用语言。中国和汉语的发展轨迹与英语的发展轨迹相当。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Languages in public policy, and constraints in academia
The article explores evidence of public policy ignoring scholarly recommendations, and describes instances of this in the field of language policy at both supranational and national levels. One significant contemporary influence is that university autonomy and academic freedom are being constrained by neoliberal pressures. Evidence of this in the United Kingdom and Denmark is described. These trends are connected to the wider context of the transition from the practices and ideology of terra nullius to legitimate colonisation and global Europeanisation, and the concomitant dispossession of the territories of others, to global Americanisation processes, the universalization of a cultura nullius in commerce, the media, academia, and domestic life. This dovetails with the promotion and establishment of English as a lingua nullius, a language that should be learned by all worldwide, as if it serves the interests of all inhabitants of the globe, and is disconnected from the causal factors behind the expansion of the language. One speech by Winston Churchill argues for the maintenance of university autonomy and historical awareness. Another pleads for Anglo-American global dominance, including the promotion of English as a ‘world’ language. These competing pleas have had different outcomes: academic freedom and traditions are currently at risk, whereas US dominance and the promotion and expansion of English have thrived. The governments of the five Nordic countries have acted to ensure the maintenance of national languages as well as competence in ‘international languages’. This is exemplified by a description of how universities should assure parallel competence and thereby a healthy balance between English and national languages. Soft power is never far from economic, political, and military power, all of which entail language use. China and Chinese are well launched on a comparable trajectory to the expansion of English.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
16.70%
发文量
19
期刊介绍: Language Problems and Language Planning is published in cooperation with the Center for Research and Documentation on World Language Problems. This international multi-lingual journal publishes articles primarily on political, sociological, and economic aspects of language and language use. It is especially concerned with relationships between and among language communities, particularly in international contexts, and in the adaptation, manipulation, and standardization of language for international use.
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