我们对干预效果淡出的了解:评论

IF 18.2 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
B. Schneider, Lydia Bradford
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引用次数: 2

摘要

在设计具有长期目标的干预研究时,淡出是一个重要的考虑因素。Bailey、Duncan、Cunha、Foorman和Yeager(2020;本期)为此类干预措施提供了几个重要要点,从最初的计划到后来的治疗效果纵向分析。例如,研究人员最好考虑背景影响,例如在干预开始时,治疗是否在低收入的城市学区进行,该学区正在进行悬而未决的中产阶级化计划,这可能会改变目标学生群体的人口特征。邻域的绅士化可能对最初的样本选择、仪器和测量有着深远的影响。作者还建议,有长期目标的干预设计者需要为后续的数据收集工作请求额外的支持。我们假设这将包括获得压倒性的初始治疗和对照样本、确定稳定的情境条件(例如,社区、学生和教师的流动性)以及对后续治疗结果的清晰时间愿景等因素,所有这些都可能影响评估干预随时间推移的影响所需的样本平衡。尽管Bailey及其同事对淡出及其影响的可能补救进行了全面的关注,我们认为,心理学观点对教育干预及其目的的主导地位往往忽视了其他研究设计,在这些设计中,淡出问题可以更容易地调整(例如,使用可推广的纵向样本进行准实验,包括嵌套干预)或其他自然发生的治疗效果(例如,在疫情期间使用在线教学)。作者专注于旨在增强心理特征或基于技能的工具的干预措施,并引入他们认为与他们的观点互补的经济学和社会学的其他研究。我们的综述强调了设计涉及随机对照试验(RCT)的干预措施的一些额外问题,这些干预措施特别侧重于避免淡出,并认识到了解干预措施对心理特征或基于技能的工具的持续影响所需的措施的复杂性。此外,我们还提出了在考虑随机对照试验或准实验的干扰后分析时出现的几个测量问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
What We Are Learning About Fade-Out of Intervention Effects: A Commentary
When designing intervention research that has a longterm goal, fade-out is an important consideration. Bailey, Duncan, Cunha, Foorman, and Yeager (2020; this issue) offer several important takeaways for such interventions, beginning from the initial plan to later longitudinal analyses of treatment effects. For example, researchers would be well advised to consider the contextual influences, such as whether the treatment is in a low-income urban school district undergoing pending gentrification plans at the onset of the intervention, which could change the demographic characteristics of the targeted student population. Gentrification of a neighborhood may have profound implications for the initial sample selection, instrumentation, and measurement. The authors also suggest that intervention designers with long-term goals need to request additional support for subsequent data-collection efforts. We assume this would include such factors as obtaining overpowered initial treatment and control samples, identifying stable contextual conditions (e.g., neighborhood, student and teacher mobility), and a clear temporal vision of subsequent treatment outcomes, all of which are likely to affect the sample balance necessary for evaluating the impact of the intervention over time. Although Bailey and colleagues are comprehensive in their focus on fade-out and possible remediation of its effect, we argue that the dominance of the psychological perspective on education interventions and their purposes tend to overlook other research designs in which problems of fade-out can more easily be adjusted (e.g., quasiexperiments with generalizable longitudinal samples that include nested interventions) or other naturally occurring treatment effects (e.g., use of online instruction during a pandemic). The authors focus on interventions designed to enhance psychological traits or skill-based tools and bring in other research in economics and sociology that they perceive as complementary to their perspective. Our review highlights some additional problems of designing interventions involving randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that specifically focus on avoiding fade-out and recognize the complexity of measures required to understand persisting effects of an intervention on either psychological traits or skill-based tools. In addition, we put forward several measurement issues that arise when considering postintervention analyses for RCTs or quasiexperiments.
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来源期刊
Psychological Science in the Public Interest
Psychological Science in the Public Interest PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
44.80
自引率
0.40%
发文量
7
期刊介绍: Psychological Science in the Public Interest (PSPI) is a distinctive journal that provides in-depth and compelling reviews on issues directly relevant to the general public. Authored by expert teams with diverse perspectives, these reviews aim to evaluate the current state-of-the-science on various topics. PSPI reports have addressed issues such as questioning the validity of the Rorschach and other projective tests, examining strategies to maintain cognitive sharpness in aging brains, and highlighting concerns within the field of clinical psychology. Notably, PSPI reports are frequently featured in Scientific American Mind and covered by various major media outlets.
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