协商祖先身份:中国明清未葬人的墓志铭

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI:10.1353/late.2023.a899673
J. Suh
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要:本文分析了明清时期为未葬死者制作的墓志铭。这些墓志铭是一种被称为延葬(tingzang)的流行习俗的产物,这种习俗是把尸体留在那里,直到找到合适的埋葬地点。不埋葬的时间因家庭情况而异,通常持续数年或数十年,在此期间,未埋葬的尸体象征着死者在家庭中的不确定地位。墓志铭展示了家庭如何通过创造一个文学空间来应对因埋葬延迟而造成的不稳定,在这个空间里,他们可以探索、构建和争论未埋葬者的价值。换句话说,墓志铭是一种战略工具,在祖先形成的仪式和物质物流尚不完善的情况下,与死者建立联系。墓志铭涉及一些与精英家庭的死亡和埋葬有关的实际、有形和有争议的问题,如继承、财务问题、仕途和财产管理,帮助家庭成员在家庭环境变化的情况下协商祖先身份。
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Negotiating Ancestorhood: Epitaphs for the Unburied in Ming-Qing China
Abstract:This article analyzes the epitaphs produced for the unburied dead in the Ming and the Qing. These epitaphs were the product of a popular custom called delayed burial (tingzang), the practice of leaving a dead body without permanent interment until a suitable burial site was arranged. The period of unburial varied depending on family circumstances, often spanning years and decades, during which the unburied body symbolized an uncertain place of the deceased within the family. The epitaphs show how families coped with the precarity caused by the delay of burial through creating a literary space where they could explore, construct, and contest the value of the unburied. The epitaphs, in other words, were a strategic tool for building a bond with the deceased when the ritual and material logistics for ancestor-making remained incomplete. Engaging several practical, tangible, and contentious matters pertaining to death and burial within elite households, such as inheritance, financial troubles, official career, and property management, the epitaphs helped family members negotiate ancestorhood in response to the shift of family circumstances.
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