Spatiotemporal variability of extreme precipitation events and their impacts on soil moisture and water table depth in Argentina’s core crop region

ABSTRACT This study reassesses the spatiotemporal variability of and changes in extreme precipitation events (EPEs) and examines the response of soil moisture and water table depth to EPEs in Argentina’s core crop region. Standardized nonparametric indices are applied to precipitation, soil moisture, and groundwater. The temporal variability of EPEs exhibits a decadal cycle and inter-annual modes with dominant frequencies between 2.5 and 4 years related to El Niño Southern Oscillation periodicities. The soil moisture and water table depth respond to precipitation variability replicating both decadal and inter-annual EPE variability. The response of soil moisture to EPEs attenuates in time as soil depth increases. Water table depth responds to EPEs with an average delay of 10 months. In recent decades, soil moisture increases (water table depth becomes shallower) rapidly when reacting to excess precipitation, while soil moisture decreases (water table depth deepens) slowly during and after drought events.