碎屑同沉积压实作用对河流控制的三角洲形态动力学的影响

IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY
Ayunda A. Valencia, Joep E. A. Storms, Dirk-Jan R. Walstra, Helena van der Vegt, Hendrik R. A. Jagers
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在自然三角洲环境中,已知混合水动力强迫和沉积物性质会影响保存下来的三角洲沉积物。碎屑沉积物在千年三角洲演化中的同沉积压实作用是目前尚未引起重视的一个过程。为了研究压实作用如何与三角洲形态动力学和保存的沉积物相互作用,提出了一种建模方法。Delft3D - FLOW中实现了一维颗粒尺寸依赖的压实模型,这为了解三角洲提供的颗粒尺寸与沉积物压实之间未被探索的联系提供了机会。压实模型允许沉积的沉积物由于上面新沉积的沉积物的积累或经过的时间而减少体积。由沉积物供应组成(富泥和富砂)和模型中最大允许压实率(0-10 mm年−1)定义的情景在形态趋势上存在差异。形成的沉积可分为三角洲顶部、三角洲前缘和前三角洲三种亚环境。比较了三角洲顶部几何形状(如面积增加、粗糙度和宽高比)、沿岸和跨亚环境的沉积物分布以及三角洲顶部可容纳性(如体积减少和平均水深)。模拟结果表明,下伏的三角洲前缘和前三角洲沉积物的压实作用增加了三角洲顶部的平均水深,驱动了富泥和富砂三角洲的形态变化。形态变化在富泥三角洲中更为突出,在相同的情况下,它们经历了更大的压实导致的体积减少。此外,较高的压实速率进一步增加了三角洲顶部的可容纳性,导致三角洲顶部沉积更多,沉积物分布均匀。这导致面积增加幅度较小,三角洲顶部更宽,海岸线更平滑。所提出的模拟结果弥补了同沉积压实作用对长期三角洲形态动力学和保存沉积物影响的知识空白。这些发现可用于揭示古三角洲沉积的控制过程,并预测气候变化下现代体系的演化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

The impact of clastic syn-sedimentary compaction on fluvial-dominated delta morphodynamics

The impact of clastic syn-sedimentary compaction on fluvial-dominated delta morphodynamics

In natural deltaic settings, mixed hydrodynamic forcings and sediment properties are known to influence the preserved delta deposits. One process that has not received much attention yet is syn-sedimentary compaction of clastic sediment on millennial-scale delta evolution. To study how compaction interacts with delta morphodynamics and preserved sediment, a modelling approach is proposed. A 1D grain-size dependent compaction model was implemented into Delft3D-FLOW, which provides an opportunity to understand the underexplored connection between grain sizes supplied to the deltas and sediment compaction. The compaction model allows deposited sediment to decrease in volume due to the accumulation of newly deposited sediments above or the elapsed time. Differences in morphological trends are presented for scenarios defined by the composition of sediment supply (mud rich and sand rich) and the maximum allowed compaction rate in the model (0–10 mm year−1). The resultant deposits are classified into sub-environments: delta top, delta front and pro delta. The delta top geometry (e.g. area increase, rugosity and aspect ratio), sediment distribution alongshore and across sub-environments, and delta top accommodation (e.g. volume reduction and average water depth) are compared. The modelling results show that compaction of the underlying delta front and pro delta deposits increases the average water depth at the delta top, driving morphological variability observed in the mud-rich and sand-rich deltas. The morphological changes are more prominent in the mud-rich deltas, which experience larger compaction-induced volume reduction for the same scenario. Moreover, higher compaction rates further increase the delta top accommodation, resulting in more deposition and evenly distributed sediment at the delta top. This leads to a less significant area increase and a wider delta top with a smoother coastline. The presented modelling results bridge the knowledge gap on the influence of syn-sedimentary compaction on long-term delta morphodynamics and preserved sediment. These findings can be applied to unravel the controlling processes in ancient delta deposits and predict the evolution of modern systems under changing climates.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
16.70%
发文量
42
审稿时长
16 weeks
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