茶叶和复合材料在铁路车轮表面滚动制动盒的机理

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The friction mechanism of pads made of composite material on the wheel surface is determined by the content and properties of the components from which the composite rubber mixture is formed, their chemical and granulometric composition, as well as the degree of burnout of the composite rubber mixture during the operation of the brake pads. It is shown that due to the lack of regulation in the standards and technical conditions for composite blocks of the percentage content of ingredients and their chemical composition in the composite material, its properties and the value of the coefficient of friction are uncontrolled. Cyclic temperature changes on the contact surface of the brake pads with the wheels during train braking and high peak temperatures (up to 800 °C) in individual periods of braking lead to changes in the structure and properties of the surface layer of the metal of the wheels and the material of the brake pads. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

分析了由铸铁和复合材料(橡胶-石棉或无橡胶混合物,包括有铸铁衬垫)制成的刹车片在铁路车辆车轮表面的摩擦机理。给出了摩擦系数的取值。铁路车轮表面铸铁衬垫摩擦机理的主要作用属于铸铁的微观组织,即石墨夹杂物的数量、形状、体积分布、珠光体和渗碳体夹杂物的分散以及磷化物共晶的构建。由复合材料制成的刹车片在车轮表面的摩擦机理是由组成复合橡胶混合物的组分的含量和性能、它们的化学和颗粒组成以及复合橡胶混合物在刹车片运行过程中的燃尽程度决定的。结果表明,由于复合砌块的标准和技术条件对复合材料中各成分的百分含量及其化学成分没有规定,其性能和摩擦系数值不受控制。在列车制动期间,刹车片与车轮接触表面的循环温度变化以及制动个别时期的高峰温度(高达800°C)导致车轮金属表面层和刹车片材料的结构和性能发生变化。这体现在刹车片与车轮的摩擦过程的摩擦特性上。与铸铁刹车片相比,复合材料刹车片的缺点是导热系数低。因此,复合衬垫与车轮的接触区温度比使用铸铁衬垫时增加更多。从经典摩擦学方法的角度考虑了刹车片与车轮表面接触区水分(水)的水动力效应。对刹车片工作表面的微变形进行了研究。给出了各种因素对刹车片在车轮表面摩擦系数的影响。对改进铸铁及其他材料制刹车片的标准和技术条件提出了建议。关键词:刹车片,铁路运输车轮,摩擦,铸铁,复合材料,表面微浮雕
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Механізм тертя гальмових колодок з чавуну та композиційного матеріалу по поверхні коліс залізничного транспорту
The friction mechanisms of brake pads made of cast iron and composite material (rubber-asbestos or rubber-free mixtures, including those with cast-iron inserts) on the surface of wheels of railway rolling stock were analysed. Values of the friction coefficient are given. The main role in the mechanism of friction of cast iron pads on the surface of railway wheels belongs to the microstructure of cast iron, namely, the amount, shape, distribution in volume of graphite inclusions, dispersion of pearlite and cementite inclusions, and the construction of phosphide eutectics. The friction mechanism of pads made of composite material on the wheel surface is determined by the content and properties of the components from which the composite rubber mixture is formed, their chemical and granulometric composition, as well as the degree of burnout of the composite rubber mixture during the operation of the brake pads. It is shown that due to the lack of regulation in the standards and technical conditions for composite blocks of the percentage content of ingredients and their chemical composition in the composite material, its properties and the value of the coefficient of friction are uncontrolled. Cyclic temperature changes on the contact surface of the brake pads with the wheels during train braking and high peak temperatures (up to 800 °C) in individual periods of braking lead to changes in the structure and properties of the surface layer of the metal of the wheels and the material of the brake pads. This is reflected in the frictional characteristics of the friction process of brake pads with wheels. The disadvantage of brake pads made of composite material is their low thermal conductivity compared to cast iron pads. As a result, the temperature in the contact zone of composite pads with wheels increases more than when using pads made of cast iron. The hydrodynamic effects of moisture (water) in the contact zone of brake pads with the surface of vehicle wheels are considered from the standpoint of classical tribology approaches. The microrelief of the working surface of the brake pads was studied. The influence of various factors on the coefficient of friction of the brake pads on the surface of the wheels is shown. Recommendations are provided for improving standards and technical conditions for brake pads made of cast iron and other materials. Keywords: brake pads, wheels of railway transport, friction, cast iron, composite materials, surface microrelief.
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