A state-space stock assessment model for American plaice on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland

The current stock assessment model for American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland (NAFO Divisions 3LNO) is a virtual population analysis (VPA). This model does not account for the considerable uncertainty about the landings data for this stock. Retrospective patterns have also been noted in the current assessment with overestimation of spawning stock biomass (SSB) and underestimation of fishing mortality (F). Via a thorough model selection process, we develop a state-space stock assessment model (SSM) for this stock that accounts for the uncertainties in the landings data and reduces the retrospective patterns. Our SSM fit the data well, with overall trends in SSB and average F (ages 9–14) similar to those estimated from the current VPA. The retrospective patterns for the SSM were reduced for both SSB and average F which should lead to the provision of better scientific advice for the management of this stock. An important result from our analysis suggests that the current assumption for natural mortality (M) in the stock assessment model may be too low. The lack of recovery of the stock of American plaice on the Grand Bank has often been attributed to overfishing, however fixing M within the model to be lower than is reasonable may be over-estimating the relative impact of F and subsequently over-stating the contribution of fishing mortality to the lack of recovery of the stock.