{"title":"制度关联与社会生态对良性变革的影响","authors":"Michael J. Fox","doi":"10.1215/00031283-8791745","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The social mechanisms that influence the direction of language change operate along the demarcations of networks of communication (Bloomfield 1933; Milroy and Milroy 1985). Within geographic regions, the focused organizations that individuals participate in structure the lines of communication (Feld 1981) and the socio-demographic composition (social ecology) therein limits the options of peers to associate with (McPherson, Smith-Lovin, and Cook 2001). Schools have their own social ecology (McFarland et al. 2014) and attendance at schools can explain language change at a level above social interaction but below the level of community (Dodsworth and Benton 2017, 2019).\n This study uses acoustic vowel measurements from 132 speakers in three geographically contiguous cities located in northwestern Wisconsin. Modeling results indicate (1) similar socio-geographic contexts lead to linguistic similarity; (2) dissimilarity in social ecology leads to greater linguistic dissimilarity as the difference between a dyads’ years of birth increases; (3) net of local socio-geographic context and social ecology, similarity in sex and age leads to linguistic similarity and vice versa. These patterns indicate that local social ecologies further demarcate the lines of communication thereby structuring the form of language at a level between the micro interactional and the macro level of the speech community.","PeriodicalId":46508,"journal":{"name":"American Speech","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Influence of Institutional Affiliation and Social Ecology on Sound Change\",\"authors\":\"Michael J. Fox\",\"doi\":\"10.1215/00031283-8791745\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The social mechanisms that influence the direction of language change operate along the demarcations of networks of communication (Bloomfield 1933; Milroy and Milroy 1985). Within geographic regions, the focused organizations that individuals participate in structure the lines of communication (Feld 1981) and the socio-demographic composition (social ecology) therein limits the options of peers to associate with (McPherson, Smith-Lovin, and Cook 2001). Schools have their own social ecology (McFarland et al. 2014) and attendance at schools can explain language change at a level above social interaction but below the level of community (Dodsworth and Benton 2017, 2019).\\n This study uses acoustic vowel measurements from 132 speakers in three geographically contiguous cities located in northwestern Wisconsin. Modeling results indicate (1) similar socio-geographic contexts lead to linguistic similarity; (2) dissimilarity in social ecology leads to greater linguistic dissimilarity as the difference between a dyads’ years of birth increases; (3) net of local socio-geographic context and social ecology, similarity in sex and age leads to linguistic similarity and vice versa. These patterns indicate that local social ecologies further demarcate the lines of communication thereby structuring the form of language at a level between the micro interactional and the macro level of the speech community.\",\"PeriodicalId\":46508,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American Speech\",\"volume\":\"1 1\",\"pages\":\"1-69\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2020-10-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American Speech\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"98\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-8791745\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"文学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"0\",\"JCRName\":\"LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Speech","FirstCategoryId":"98","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-8791745","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
影响语言变化方向的社会机制沿着交际网络的界限运作(Bloomfield 1933;Milroy and Milroy 1985)。在地理区域内,个人参与的重点组织结构了沟通渠道(Feld 1981),其中的社会人口构成(社会生态学)限制了同伴的交往选择(McPherson, Smith-Lovin, and Cook 2001)。学校有自己的社会生态(McFarland et al. 2014),上学可以在高于社会互动水平但低于社区水平的层面上解释语言变化(Dodsworth and Benton 2017, 2019)。这项研究使用了来自威斯康辛州西北部三个地理上相邻城市的132名说话者的声学元音测量。建模结果表明:(1)相似的社会地理环境导致语言相似性;(2)随着二人出生年龄差异的增大,社会生态的差异导致语言差异的增大;(3)在当地社会地理环境和社会生态的影响下,性别和年龄的相似性导致语言相似性,反之亦然。这些模式表明,当地的社会生态进一步划分了交流的界限,从而在言语社区的微观互动和宏观层面之间构建了语言的形式。
The Influence of Institutional Affiliation and Social Ecology on Sound Change
The social mechanisms that influence the direction of language change operate along the demarcations of networks of communication (Bloomfield 1933; Milroy and Milroy 1985). Within geographic regions, the focused organizations that individuals participate in structure the lines of communication (Feld 1981) and the socio-demographic composition (social ecology) therein limits the options of peers to associate with (McPherson, Smith-Lovin, and Cook 2001). Schools have their own social ecology (McFarland et al. 2014) and attendance at schools can explain language change at a level above social interaction but below the level of community (Dodsworth and Benton 2017, 2019).
This study uses acoustic vowel measurements from 132 speakers in three geographically contiguous cities located in northwestern Wisconsin. Modeling results indicate (1) similar socio-geographic contexts lead to linguistic similarity; (2) dissimilarity in social ecology leads to greater linguistic dissimilarity as the difference between a dyads’ years of birth increases; (3) net of local socio-geographic context and social ecology, similarity in sex and age leads to linguistic similarity and vice versa. These patterns indicate that local social ecologies further demarcate the lines of communication thereby structuring the form of language at a level between the micro interactional and the macro level of the speech community.
期刊介绍:
American Speech has been one of the foremost publications in its field since its founding in 1925. The journal is concerned principally with the English language in the Western Hemisphere, although articles dealing with English in other parts of the world, the influence of other languages by or on English, and linguistic theory are also published. The journal is not committed to any particular theoretical framework, and issues often contain contributions that appeal to a readership wider than the linguistic studies community. Regular features include a book review section and a “Miscellany” section devoted to brief essays and notes.