On Some Properties of the Curl Operator and Their Consequences for the Navier-Stokes System

. We investigate some geometric properties of the curl operator, based on its diagonalization and its expression as a non-local symmetry of the pseudo-derivative ( − ∆ ) 1/2 among divergence-free vector fields with finite energy. In this context, we introduce the notion of spin-definite fields, i.e. eigenvectors of ( − ∆ ) − 1/2 curl. The two spin-definite components of a general 3D incompressible flow untangle the right-handed motion from the left-handed one. Having observed that the non-linearity of Navier-Stokes has the structure of a cross-product and its weak (distributional) form is a determinant that involves the vorticity, the velocity and a test function, we revisit the conservation of energy and the balance of helicity in a geometrical fashion. We show that in the case of a finite-time blow-up, both spin-definite components of the flow will explode simultaneously and with equal rates, i.e. singularities in 3D are the result of a conflict of spin, which is impossible in the poorer geometry of 2D flows. We investigate the role of the local and non-local determinants and their spin-definite counterparts, which drive the enstrophy and, more gen-erally, are responsible for the regularity of the flow and the emergence of singularities or quasi-singularities. As such, they are at the core of turbulence phenomena.