Concepts and applications of diversity array technology (DArT) markers for crop improvement

ABSTRACT DNA-based molecular markers are the most effective methods for developing desirable crop varieties in modern plant breeding. However, these markers have a limited use in plant breeding and their impact is insignificant. Developing them requires prior sequence information that is costly, especially for complex genome. Despite advances in sequencing technology, getting the full genome sequence of polyploidy species is still time-consuming and resource-intensive. This led to slow progress in the genetic improvement of these species using DNA-based molecular markers. Diversity Array Technology (DArT) which is a low-cost and quick-genotyping platform offers the opportunity to screen hundreds of highly polymorphic markers without genome sequence data. Because of their high level of diversity, DArT-based methods are popular among different crop genetic improvement programs. In polyploidy crop improvement, DArT markers are still useful, and exploiting their potential to the fullest is necessary. DArT markers can provide deep genetic diversity analysis, entire genome profiling, and high-density mapping of complex features needed for marker-based breeding. Therefore, molecular analyzes using DArT markers significantly contributed to the improvement of various crop species. The markers will prove useful in future crop breeding programs aimed at improving crop quality and yield. Understanding the concept and potential applications of DArT markers is essential for maximizing their potential. This review summarizes the concepts behind DArT markers and their potential future applications for improving crop genetics.