Tissue Culture, In Vitro Organogenesis and Regeneration of Plantago lanceolata

Introduction: Plantago lanceolata is one the most important species of the Plantago genus and has valuable medicinal secondary metabolites. Materials and Methods: The effect of different factors on germination of P. lanceolata seeds was studied and leaf and root explants of in vitro growth seedling were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with combination of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or thidiazuron (TDZ) (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 mg/L) and auxins: α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1 mg/L), Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mg/L) or Indole-3-butyric acid (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mg/L) (IBA) at different concentrations. Results: The results showed that cold pre-treatment, daylight and 1/8 MS salt concentration are more suitable for high germination. The best shoot organogenesis rate (95%) in leaf explants was observed in 1:1 mg/L, and 1.5:1 mg/L TDZ: IBA. The highest percentage of shoot organogenesis (100%) was observed in most of the plant growth regulator (PGR) treatments in root explants. About 58.67 and 60 shoot numbers obtained with 2 mg/L TDZ in leaf and 1:1.5 mg/L BAP: IBA in root explants, respectively. Conclusions: It can be suggested that the best shoot organogenesis and proliferation medium is MS basal medium containing cytokinin TDZ and auxin IBA in comparison with other hormone compounds on leaf and root explants. The result behind this fact is high callus induction and regeneration potential of explants in all concentrations.