热诱导的分子生物特征变化和火星相关矿物的影响

IF 1.7 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
B. Haezeleer, S. Fox, H. Strasdeit
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引用次数: 0

摘要

寻找生命的迹象是火星探索的一个主要目标。特别令人感兴趣的是化学生物特征,如生物分子。然而,分子生物特征易受极端环境条件的影响,如热、电离辐射和强氧化剂。因此,了解火星上可能的生物特征分子在现在和过去条件下的稳定性,以及可能的改变产物的性质,是很重要的。鉴于火星长期的火山活动历史,我们研究了选定的生物化合物的热行为,即血红蛋白(与血红素假体基团密切相关的铁卟啉),细胞色素c(一种小蛋白质)和卵磷脂(磷脂的混合物)。样品在氮气惰性气氛下暴露在高达900°C的温度下,或以纯形式或以矿物基质形式。所用的基体材料为氯化钠、石膏(CaSO4⋅2H2O)、钙蒙脱土(STx-1b)、火星风化模拟物JSC Mars-1A及其混合物。主要结果是:(1)血红蛋白、细胞色素c和卵磷脂的显著分解发生在240°c左右。在稍高的温度下,所有特征红外光谱带的消失表明完全分解和原始生物特征的丧失。(2)在初始热分解阶段,血红蛋白化学计量释放CO2和HCl,在热分解结束时,铁卟啉核心仍然完整。血红蛋白的高温产物包括石墨、α-铁和渗碳体(Fe3C)。(3)纯卵磷脂在500℃下形成长链多磷酸,而卵磷脂- nacl混合物形成二磷酸(焦磷酸)。由于这些阴离子分别在矿物中不存在和罕见,它们可能潜在地作为次级生物特征。(4)在卵磷脂存在的情况下,在800℃下加热NaCl和JSC火星- 1a的混合物会产生铝硅酸盐矿物钠石矿(Na8[AlSiO4]6Cl2),然而,作为二级生物标志,它的用途有限。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Heat-induced changes in molecular biosignatures and the influence of Mars-relevant minerals
The search for signs of life is a major objective in the exploration of Mars. Of particular interest are chemical biosignatures such as biomolecules. However, molecular biosignatures are susceptible to extreme environmental conditions such as heat, ionising radiation and strong oxidants. Therefore, a knowledge of the stability of possible biosignature molecules under present and past conditions on Mars is important, as well as the nature of possible alteration products. In the light of the long volcanically active history of Mars, we have studied the thermal behaviour of selected biological compounds, namely, haemin (an iron porphyrin closely related to the haem prosthetic group), cytochrome c (a small protein) and lecithin (a mixture of phospholipids). Samples were exposed to temperatures up to 900°C under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen, either in neat form or in mineral matrices. The matrix materials used were sodium chloride, gypsum (CaSO4 ⋅ 2H2O), Ca-montmorillonite (STx-1b), the Martian regolith simulant JSC Mars-1A and some mixtures thereof. Key results are: (1) The onset of significant decomposition for haemin, cytochrome c and lecithin occurs around 240°C. At slightly higher temperatures the disappearance of all characteristic infrared spectral bands indicates complete decomposition and loss of the primary biosignatures. (2) Haemin stoichiometrically releases CO2 and HCl during the initial thermal decomposition phase, at the end of which the iron porphyrin core is still intact. High-temperature products of haemin include graphite, α-iron and cementite (Fe3C). (3) Neat lecithin forms long-chain polyphosphates at 500°C, whereas lecithin‒NaCl mixtures form diphosphate (pyrophosphate). As these anions are absent and rare, respectively, in minerals, they may potentially serve as secondary biosignatures. (4) Heating a mixture of NaCl and JSC Mars-1A at 800°C in the presence of lecithin produces the aluminosilicate mineral sodalite (Na8[AlSiO4]6Cl2), which however appears to be of limited use as a secondary biosignature.
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来源期刊
International Journal of Astrobiology
International Journal of Astrobiology 地学天文-地球科学综合
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
11.80%
发文量
45
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: International Journal of Astrobiology is the peer-reviewed forum for practitioners in this exciting interdisciplinary field. Coverage includes cosmic prebiotic chemistry, planetary evolution, the search for planetary systems and habitable zones, extremophile biology and experimental simulation of extraterrestrial environments, Mars as an abode of life, life detection in our solar system and beyond, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, the history of the science of astrobiology, as well as societal and educational aspects of astrobiology. Occasionally an issue of the journal is devoted to the keynote plenary research papers from an international meeting. A notable feature of the journal is the global distribution of its authors.
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