许多人的难题

IF 1.6 1区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY
J. Simon
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引用次数: 8

摘要

在直觉上只有一个F的情况下,就会出现很多F的问题,但当你仔细观察时,你会发现很多候选的F,每一个显然都和下一个一样符合条件。对于石头、房子和硬币等平凡的东西,问题就出现了。它也出现在具有特殊哲学挑战的实体中,比如人和体验者。在这篇文章中,我提出了一个新的论点,即许多经验者的问题是许多人的一个特别困难的问题,而属性二元论——即认为有某种东西的属性是不可约的——可能是解决这个问题的最好方法。这里给出的论证主要转向规范性(即道德)考虑,并且独立于现有的关于财产二元论的论证,如可想象性和知识论证。它也独立于从许多经验者的问题(或许多人的相关问题)中得出形而上学结论的现有论点,例如Unger(2004)和Zimmerman(2010)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
THE HARD PROBLEM OF THE MANY
A problem of the many Fs arises in cases where intuitively there is precisely one F, but when you look closely you find many candidates for being that F, each one apparently as well-qualified as the next. The problem arises for mundane things like rocks, houses, and coins. It also arises for entities that present special philosophical challenges, like persons and experiencers. In this essay, I present a new argument that the problem of the many experiencers is an especially hard problem of the many, and that property dualism — the view that properties that there is something it is like to instantiate are irreducible — may be the best way to solve it. The argument given here turns primar-ily on normative (i.e., moral) considerations, and is independent of existing arguments for property dualism such as the conceivability and knowledge arguments. It is also independent of existing arguments deriving metaphysical conclusions from the problem of the many experiencers (or related problems of the many), such as those in Unger (2004) and Zimmerman (2010).
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CiteScore
1.50
自引率
0.00%
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