分流知识和技能的两阶段模型强调飞行员因素影响安全相关结果的地方

IF 1 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED
Kathy Van Benthem, C. Herdman
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引用次数: 2

摘要

摘要目的:为了帮助利益相关者应用有针对性的安全策略,我们开发并测试了一个两阶段的转移知识和技能模型。背景:了解与天气有关的备降中的飞行员因素对于减少目视飞行规则飞行到气象条件下的现象是不可或缺的。方法:36名通用航空飞行员在塞斯纳172模拟器中进行了一次越野飞行,由于天气恶化,他们遇到了atc指挥的备降。Path分析了基于航空法规规定的标准的两阶段模型的量化影响。结果:在第一阶段,低认知灵活性和较少的近期机长时间与更大的忽视备降指令的可能性相关。低认知灵活性也与错误定位备用机场和错误的备用机场程序有关。在阶段2,从导流效率变量到引航的各个方面都存在显著的正相关。引航积极预测所有权和交通的意识,并与较少的高度违规相关。结论:本研究为延续偏倚相关认知因素与转移指令高危反应之间的关系提供了经验证据。使用一个两阶段模型来概念化飞行员的表现,阐明了认知因素对天气相关改道的影响。在两个明确的意外备降路口强调关键的人为因素,可以让飞行员更充分地准备好安全管理这些充满风险的事件。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Two-Stage Model of Diversion Knowledge and Skills Highlights Where Pilot Factors Impact Safety-Related Outcomes
ABSTRACT Objective: To assist stakeholders apply targeted safety strategies, we developed and tested a two-stage model of diversion knowledge and skills. Background: Understanding pilot factors in weather-related diversions is integral to reducing the phenomenon of visual flight rules flight into meteorological conditions. Method: Thirty-six general aviation pilots flew a cross-country flight in a Cessna 172 simulator where they encountered an ATC-directed diversion due to deteriorating weather. Path analyses quantified effects in a two-stage model based on criteria specified by aviation regulations. Results: In stage 1, low cognitive flexibility and fewer recent pilot-in-command hours were associated with greater likelihood of ignoring the diversion instruction. Low cognitive flexibility was also associated with errors in locating the alternate aerodrome and incorrect procedures at the alternate. At stage 2, there were significant positive paths from a diversion efficiency variable to all aspects of pilotage. Pilotage positively predicted awareness of ownship and traffic, and was associated with fewer altitude violations. Conclusion: We provide empirical evidence for the association between the cognitive factors related to continuation bias and high-risk responses to diversion instructions. Using a two-stage model to conceptualize pilot performance illuminates the impact of cognitive factors in weather-related diversions. Highlighting the pivotal human factors at two clear junctions of an unexpected diversion can more fully prepare pilots to safely manage these risk-laden events.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
7.70%
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