The challenge: 20th Century vs. 21st Century management

Purpose The author contrasts 20th Century hierarchical management with Agile influenced 21st Century management, which is more suited to modern realities. Design/methodology/approach Understanding how 20th Century and 21st Century management differ offers an evidenced-based theory why today’s leading firms are leading and why yesterday’s giants are flailing. Findings For 21st Century management – the pioneering mode of Agile enterprises and of leading Silicon Valley firms, as well as individual businesses in Europe and China–the goal of the firm is to create customers. Practical implications Because the firm’s goal is to create value for customers in a dynamic environment, sustainable strategy must incorporate creating new businesses that attract new customers. Originality/value The author compares and contrasts the practices, principles, processes and mindsets of 20th Century management and those of the leading 21st Century firms that have become the most valuable firms on the planet as well as the leading global brands.