Review on association between polymorphism of genes regulating insulin resistance and insulin secretion in gestational diabetes mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as impaired glucose tolerance that is discovered during pregnancy. It is associated with both maternal and various fetal and neonatal mobidity. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus ranges from 3.8% to 17.8% in various studies done in different regions of Indian subcontinent. It has been observed in follow-up studies that both mother and child is more susceptible to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus later in life. Some studies have shown that pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and GDM has many similar features and also observed that candidate genes involved in pathogenesis of type 2 DM might have role in pathogenesis of GDM. GDM is potentially induced by several etiologic factors such as genetic and environmental. Family, twins and trans-generational studies have provided evidence that GDM is heritable in some case. There is ample chance to develop GDM in subsequent pregnancies. In this review we will discuss the role of genes regulating insulin secretion ie KCNQ1 and two gene involved in insulin resistance and inflammatory processes ie Leptin and PPARᵞ2.