{"title":"阶级、举止、转变:期刊文学中的大众社会学(1830-1850)","authors":"C. Schwab","doi":"10.1080/08905495.2022.2057149","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"In 1835, Madrid-based writer Mariano José de Larra characterized the recent outburst of journalistic enterprises across Europe as both a “síntoma” [“symptom”] and an “escuela indispensable... de la vida moderna” (Larra 1835a, 1475) [“indispensable school... of modern life”]. Indeed, the rise of the press in the first half of the nineteenth century was deeply connected to the social, political, and economic transformations of the time. The revolutions of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, migration from the land to the city, and the social effects of technological and economic innovation favored the awakening of a sociological consciousness among increasingly large population groups, particularly in European metropolises (Osterhammel 2009, 25–82). On the other hand, the continuous relaxation of censorship, new technologies of paper production and print, and the transformation of reading practices promoted the explosion of print products across Europe and beyond. The periodical press soon would constitute a major forum to discuss the radical changes of the social and cultural world. “[H]abiendo periódicos” [“with the existence of newspapers”], Larra writes in his characteristically satirical tone, “no es necesario estudiar” [“there is no need to study”] because they provide all kinds of (useful and rather pointless) information (Larra 1835a, 1475). Newspapers, according to Larra (1476), tell us about political events and the theatre playbill, discuss what a Tory is and what a Whig is, and if Spain is or is not to be considered a progressive country. “Convengamos, pues” [“Let us agree, then”], he continues, “en que el periódico es el grande archivo de los conocimientos humanos, y que si hay algún medio en este siglo de ser ignorante, es no leer un periódico” (1476) [“that the newspaper is the great archive of human knowledge, and that if there is any way of being ignorant in this century, it is to not read a newspaper”]. The journalistic pursuit of social observation is in a unique way reflected in countless “sociographic” writings that, especially in the 1830s and 1840s, depicted new professions and technologies, social types, institutions, and cultural routines of the transforming societies. Propagating the inspection of the surfaces of the social universe, these “sketches of manners,” “esquisses de mœurs,” or “cuadros de costumbres,” as they were called in","PeriodicalId":43278,"journal":{"name":"Nineteenth-Century Contexts-An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3000,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Classes, manners, transformations: popular sociology in periodical literature (1830–1850)\",\"authors\":\"C. Schwab\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/08905495.2022.2057149\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"In 1835, Madrid-based writer Mariano José de Larra characterized the recent outburst of journalistic enterprises across Europe as both a “síntoma” [“symptom”] and an “escuela indispensable... de la vida moderna” (Larra 1835a, 1475) [“indispensable school... of modern life”]. Indeed, the rise of the press in the first half of the nineteenth century was deeply connected to the social, political, and economic transformations of the time. The revolutions of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, migration from the land to the city, and the social effects of technological and economic innovation favored the awakening of a sociological consciousness among increasingly large population groups, particularly in European metropolises (Osterhammel 2009, 25–82). On the other hand, the continuous relaxation of censorship, new technologies of paper production and print, and the transformation of reading practices promoted the explosion of print products across Europe and beyond. The periodical press soon would constitute a major forum to discuss the radical changes of the social and cultural world. “[H]abiendo periódicos” [“with the existence of newspapers”], Larra writes in his characteristically satirical tone, “no es necesario estudiar” [“there is no need to study”] because they provide all kinds of (useful and rather pointless) information (Larra 1835a, 1475). Newspapers, according to Larra (1476), tell us about political events and the theatre playbill, discuss what a Tory is and what a Whig is, and if Spain is or is not to be considered a progressive country. “Convengamos, pues” [“Let us agree, then”], he continues, “en que el periódico es el grande archivo de los conocimientos humanos, y que si hay algún medio en este siglo de ser ignorante, es no leer un periódico” (1476) [“that the newspaper is the great archive of human knowledge, and that if there is any way of being ignorant in this century, it is to not read a newspaper”]. The journalistic pursuit of social observation is in a unique way reflected in countless “sociographic” writings that, especially in the 1830s and 1840s, depicted new professions and technologies, social types, institutions, and cultural routines of the transforming societies. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
1835年,马德里作家马里亚诺·何塞·德·拉拉(Mariano Joséde Larra)将最近欧洲各地新闻企业的爆发描述为“症状”和“现代生活中不可或缺的学校”。事实上,十九世纪上半叶新闻界的兴起与当时的社会、政治和经济变革有着深刻的联系。十八世纪和十九世纪的革命、从土地到城市的移民,以及技术和经济创新的社会影响,有利于在越来越多的人口群体中唤醒社会意识,尤其是在欧洲大都市(Osterhammel 2009,25-82)。另一方面,审查制度的不断放松、纸张生产和印刷的新技术以及阅读实践的转变,推动了印刷产品在欧洲及其他地区的爆炸式增长。期刊出版社很快将成为讨论社会和文化世界根本变化的主要论坛。“[H]abiendo periódicos”[“随着报纸的存在”],Larra用他特有的讽刺口吻写道,“没有必要研究”[“没有必要学习”],因为它们提供了各种(有用且毫无意义的)信息(Larra 1835a,1475)。据Larra(1476)报道,报纸告诉我们政治事件和戏剧账单,讨论什么是保守党,什么是辉格党,以及西班牙是否被视为进步国家。“Convengamos,pues”[“那么,让我们同意吧”],他继续说道,“在这个世纪,如果有任何无知的方式,那就是不读报纸”]。新闻界对社会观察的追求以一种独特的方式反映在无数“社会图形”作品中,尤其是在19世纪30年代和19世纪40年代,这些作品描绘了转型社会的新职业和技术、社会类型、制度和文化惯例。传播对社会世界表面的检查,这些“礼仪草图”、“esquisses de mœurs”或“cuadros de costubres”,正如它们在
Classes, manners, transformations: popular sociology in periodical literature (1830–1850)
In 1835, Madrid-based writer Mariano José de Larra characterized the recent outburst of journalistic enterprises across Europe as both a “síntoma” [“symptom”] and an “escuela indispensable... de la vida moderna” (Larra 1835a, 1475) [“indispensable school... of modern life”]. Indeed, the rise of the press in the first half of the nineteenth century was deeply connected to the social, political, and economic transformations of the time. The revolutions of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, migration from the land to the city, and the social effects of technological and economic innovation favored the awakening of a sociological consciousness among increasingly large population groups, particularly in European metropolises (Osterhammel 2009, 25–82). On the other hand, the continuous relaxation of censorship, new technologies of paper production and print, and the transformation of reading practices promoted the explosion of print products across Europe and beyond. The periodical press soon would constitute a major forum to discuss the radical changes of the social and cultural world. “[H]abiendo periódicos” [“with the existence of newspapers”], Larra writes in his characteristically satirical tone, “no es necesario estudiar” [“there is no need to study”] because they provide all kinds of (useful and rather pointless) information (Larra 1835a, 1475). Newspapers, according to Larra (1476), tell us about political events and the theatre playbill, discuss what a Tory is and what a Whig is, and if Spain is or is not to be considered a progressive country. “Convengamos, pues” [“Let us agree, then”], he continues, “en que el periódico es el grande archivo de los conocimientos humanos, y que si hay algún medio en este siglo de ser ignorante, es no leer un periódico” (1476) [“that the newspaper is the great archive of human knowledge, and that if there is any way of being ignorant in this century, it is to not read a newspaper”]. The journalistic pursuit of social observation is in a unique way reflected in countless “sociographic” writings that, especially in the 1830s and 1840s, depicted new professions and technologies, social types, institutions, and cultural routines of the transforming societies. Propagating the inspection of the surfaces of the social universe, these “sketches of manners,” “esquisses de mœurs,” or “cuadros de costumbres,” as they were called in
期刊介绍:
Nineteenth-Century Contexts is committed to interdisciplinary recuperations of “new” nineteenth centuries and their relation to contemporary geopolitical developments. The journal challenges traditional modes of categorizing the nineteenth century by forging innovative contextualizations across a wide spectrum of nineteenth century experience and the critical disciplines that examine it. Articles not only integrate theories and methods of various fields of inquiry — art, history, musicology, anthropology, literary criticism, religious studies, social history, economics, popular culture studies, and the history of science, among others.