喷雾喷嘴的选择有助于改善草坪草出苗后除草剂crabgrass的控制

IF 2.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
E. Nangle, Z. Raudenbush, Tyler Morris, M. Fidanza
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引用次数: 1

摘要

为了获得最佳的出苗后杂草控制效果,可以适时使用单次喹诺啉除草剂,并使用喷嘴喷洒,产生的喷雾滴大小从非常粗(401 - 500 μ m)到中等(226 - 325 μ m),以最大限度地扩大目标覆盖范围,并最大限度地减少漂移的可能性。蟹草是一种侵袭性的一年生杂草,常见于冷季草坪、高尔夫球场和运动场。在草坪杂草丛生的草地上,出苗期除草剂的施用往往依赖于重复施用才能有效控制杂草。优化出现后的杂草应用可以减少农药投入,并有助于可持续的草坪草管理实践。2020年,在美国俄亥俄州的肯塔基蓝草(Poa pratensis L.)与多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)混交林和宾夕法尼亚州的多年生黑麦草(perennial黑麦草)上进行了两项评价杂草防治的野外研究。这两个地点都有天然杂草[马地黄]的历史。吟游诗人。侵扰。在三叶一分蘖时期,按产品标示率施用一种出苗期除草剂,并与甲基化种子油罐内混合。选择不同的喷嘴,在275 kPa下喷射出的喷雾液滴等级和大小如下:Delavan Raindrop 1/4,超粗(> 650µm);TurfJet 1/4TTJO4,极粗(501 - 650µm);空气感应AA8004或XRTeeJet 8015,非常粗糙(401 - 500微米);XR TeeJet 8008或GreenLeaf TDAD04,粗(326 - 400µm);XR TeeJet 8004,培养基(226 - 325µm);XRTeeJet 8003 fine(145 - 225µm)。俄亥俄州的杂草压力很低,在处理后60天内,当使用所有喷嘴产生从超粗到细的喷雾液滴时,除草剂的效果被认为是可以接受的。宾夕法尼亚州的杂草压力很严重,60 DAT的除草剂药效被认为是勉强可以接受的,当喷雾器产生的喷雾液滴大小从非常粗到中等。未来的研究应考虑对出苗期除草剂应用有益的文化实践,以进一步减少农药的使用,并尽量减少与喷雾漂移有关的任何潜在环境影响。亮点:在杂草压力较低的草坪草坪上,一次使用喹诺啉除草剂可以通过喷嘴产生从超粗(bb0 650微米)到细(145 - 225微米)不等的喷雾液滴,达到可接受的控制效果。-在杂草密集、杂草压力大的草坪草坪上,最佳的拔苗期后施用方式是使用喷雾喷嘴,产生的喷雾液滴范围从非常粗(401 - 500微米)到中等(226 - 325微米)。-总体而言,草坪草管理从业者应避免使用产生空心锥形喷雾模式的喷嘴,其喷雾液滴超粗(bbb50 650微米),可能导致除草剂覆盖不良或不规则,或使用细小(145 - 225微米)的喷雾液滴,可能会产生漂移和可能的负面脱靶效应。-总的来说,为了减少除草剂在萌发后控制杂草的使用,可以适当地选择单次使用二氯丙除草剂的时间并优化喷嘴,使喷雾滴的大小从非常粗(401 - 500微米)到中等(226 - 325微米),然而,未来的研究应该考虑进一步优化和减少除草剂应用的文化实践。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Spray nozzle selection contributes to improved postemergence herbicide crabgrass control in turfgrass
For optimum postemergence crabgrass (Digitaria spp.) control, a single quinclorac herbicide application could be properly timed and delivered with spray nozzles that produce spray droplets ranging from very coarse (401 - 500 µm) to medium (226 - 325 µm) in size to maximize target coverage and minimize the potential for drift.  Crabgrass is an invasive annual grass weed of cool-season turfgrass maintain as lawns, golf courses, and sports pitches.  Postemergence herbicide applications for crabgrass control in turfgrass swards often rely on repeated applications for effective control.  Optimizing postemergence crabgrass applications can reduce pesticide inputs and contribute to sustainable turfgrass management practices.  Two field studies evaluating crabgrass control were conducted in 2020 in a mixed stand of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in Ohio (USA) and in perennial ryegrass in Pennsylvania (USA).  Both sites have histories of natural crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] infestation.  A postemergence herbicide, quinclorac, was applied at the product label rate and tank-mixed with methylated seed oil at the crabgrass plant stage of three leaf to one tiller.  Different spray nozzles were selected to deliver the following spray droplet classifications and sizes at 275 kPa:  Delavan Raindrop 1/4, ultra coarse (> 650 µm); TurfJet 1/4TTJO4, extremely coarse (501 - 650 µm); Air Induction AA8004 or XRTeeJet 8015, very coarse (401 - 500 µm); XR TeeJet 8008 or GreenLeaf TDAD04, coarse (326 - 400 µm); XR TeeJet 8004, medium (226 - 325 µm); and XRTeeJet 8003 fine (145 - 225 µm).  Crabgrass pressure was low in Ohio, and herbicide efficacy at 60 days after treatment was considered acceptable when applied from all spray nozzles that produced pray droplet sizes ranging from ultra coarse to fine.  Crabgrass pressure was severe in Pennsylvania, and herbicide efficacy at 60 DAT was considered marginally acceptable when applied from spray nozzles that produced spray droplet sizes ranging from very coarse to medium.  Future research should consider cultural practices that would be complimentary to postemergence herbicide applications with the goal to further reduce pesticide use and minimize any potential environmental impacts related to spray drift.   Highlights - In turfgrass sites with low crabgrass pressure, one postemergence application of quinclorac herbicide could potentially achieve acceptable control with spray nozzles that produce spray droplets ranging from ultra coarse (> 650 µm) to fine (145 - 225 µm). - In turfgrass sites with heavy crabgrass population and pressure, one postemergence application of quinclorac herbicide is best optimized with spray nozzles that produce spray droplets ranging from very coarse (401 - 500 µm) to medium (226 - 325 µm). - Overall, turfgrass management practitioners should avoid using spray nozzles that produce a hollow cone spray pattern with ultra coarse (> 650 µm) spray droplets which can result in poor or irregular herbicide coverage, or fine (145 - 225 µm) spray droplets which are subject to potential drift and possible negative off-target effects. - Overall, in an effort to reduce herbicide use for postemergence crabgrass control, a single quinclorac herbicide application could be properly timed and optimized with nozzles that produce spray droplets ranging from very coarse (401 - 500 µm) to medium (226 - 325 µm) in size, however, future research should consider cultural practices that would further optimize and also reduce herbicide applications.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
4.50%
发文量
25
审稿时长
10 weeks
期刊介绍: The Italian Journal of Agronomy (IJA) is the official journal of the Italian Society for Agronomy. It publishes quarterly original articles and reviews reporting experimental and theoretical contributions to agronomy and crop science, with main emphasis on original articles from Italy and countries having similar agricultural conditions. The journal deals with all aspects of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, the interactions between cropping systems and sustainable development. Multidisciplinary articles that bridge agronomy with ecology, environmental and social sciences are also welcome.
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