企业家对商业模式建构的认知:基于STEM与非STEM企业家的混合方法研究

Q3 Business, Management and Accounting

Journal of Small Business Strategy Pub Date : 2021-08-11 DOI:10.53703/001c.29741

G. Kaffka, Raja Singaram, A. Groen, J. Kraaijenbrink

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A., Singaram, R., Groen, A. J., & Kraaijenbrink, J. (2021). Entrepreneurial cognition of the business model construct and the influence of founders’ education. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 31(3), 148-163. Managerial cognition literature within strategy features numerous studies that examine the cognitive influences of CEOs and top management teams on the strategy process in established firms (for reviews see Bromiley & Rau, 2016; Narayanan et al., 2011). Similarly, entrepreneurial cognition of the entrepreneurs – knowledge structures that include the cognitive scripts, schemas and processes related to new venture decision-making – plays an important role in strategy generation and execution of new ventures (Payne et al., 2005; Maron et al., 2019). Design of the initial business model (BM) is crucial to the strategy formulation of new ventures and it is certainly subject to the influence of the entrepreneurs’ cognitive processes (Morris et al., 2006; Zott & Amit, 2007). BM design and innovation led by entrepreneurs contribute significantly to the overall firm innovation which remains the bedrock for the survival and growth of these firms (Dunne et al., 2016; Ahluwalia et al., 2017; Barwinski et al., 2020). Hence, recent studies on the role of managerial cognition on BM design have called for more research attention into this subject (Foss & Saebi, 2017; Frankenberger & Sauer, 2019). According to the theoretical perspective of socially situated cognition, entrepreneurial opportunities are cocreated through the shared cognition distributed among entrepreneurs and their stakeholders (Mitchell et al., 2011; Dew, Grichnik, Mayer-Haug, Read & Brinckmann, 2015). Scholars have argued that the BM aids opportunity co-creation by acting as “the cognitive link between entrepreneurial appraisal of the opportunity and its exploitation” (George & Bock, 2011, p. 88). 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BM design and innovation led by entrepreneurs contribute significantly to the overall firm innovation which remains the bedrock for the survival and growth of these firms (Dunne et al., 2016; Ahluwalia et al., 2017; Barwinski et al., 2020). Hence, recent studies on the role of managerial cognition on BM design have called for more research attention into this subject (Foss & Saebi, 2017; Frankenberger & Sauer, 2019). According to the theoretical perspective of socially situated cognition, entrepreneurial opportunities are cocreated through the shared cognition distributed among entrepreneurs and their stakeholders (Mitchell et al., 2011; Dew, Grichnik, Mayer-Haug, Read & Brinckmann, 2015). Scholars have argued that the BM aids opportunity co-creation by acting as “the cognitive link between entrepreneurial appraisal of the opportunity and its exploitation” (George & Bock, 2011, p. 88). 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引用次数: 0

摘要

Journal of Small Business Strategy 2021, Vol. 31, No. 03, 148-163 ISSN: 1081-8510 (Print) 2380-1751 (Online)©Copyright 2021 Small Business Institute®www.jsbs.org Introduction 1University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 98, 3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands。gabikaffka@hotmail.com 2美国新墨西哥大学与印度LM Thapar SOMilayaraja@gmail.com 3格罗宁根大学，9712 CP格罗宁根，荷兰，a.j.groen@rug.nl 4阿姆斯特丹大学，1012 WX阿姆斯特丹，荷兰，jk@kraaijenbrink.com创业认知的商业模式构建:STEM和非STEM企业家的混合方法研究创业认知，社会情境认知，商业模式，机会发展，溯因分析Kaffka, G. A.， Singaram, R.， Groen, A. J.， & Kraaijenbrink, J.(2021)。企业家对商业模式建构的认知与创始人教育的影响。中小企业战略，31(3)，148-163。战略领域的管理认知文献中有许多研究考察了ceo和高层管理团队对成熟公司战略过程的认知影响(评论见Bromiley & Rau, 2016;Narayanan et al.， 2011)。同样，企业家的创业认知——包括与新创企业决策相关的认知脚本、图式和过程的知识结构——在新创企业的战略制定和执行中起着重要作用(Payne et al.， 2005;Maron et al.， 2019)。初始商业模式(BM)的设计对于新创企业的战略制定至关重要，它肯定会受到企业家认知过程的影响(Morris et al.， 2006;Zott & Amit, 2007)。由企业家领导的企业绩效管理设计和创新对企业整体创新做出了重大贡献，而企业整体创新是企业生存和发展的基石(Dunne et al.， 2016;Ahluwalia et al.， 2017;Barwinski et al.， 2020)。因此，最近关于管理认知在BM设计中的作用的研究呼吁对这一主题给予更多的研究关注(Foss & Saebi, 2017;Frankenberger & Sauer, 2019)。根据社会情境认知的理论视角，创业机会是通过分布在企业家及其利益相关者之间的共享认知来共同创造的(Mitchell et al.， 2011;Dew, Grichnik, Mayer-Haug, Read & Brinckmann, 2015)。学者们认为，战略管理有助于机会的共同创造，因为它充当了“企业家对机会的评估与其利用之间的认知联系”(George & Bock, 2011, p. 88)。同样，Doz和Kosonen(2010，第371页)认为，一家新企业的战略战略管理发挥着“认知结构”的作用，它提供了“一种关于如何为企业设定边界、如何创造价值以及如何组织其内部结构和治理的理论”。Martins et al.(2015)采用认知方法表明，企业家可以通过类比推理和概念组合来创新企业的业务目标。在此基础上，我们认为企业家认知可以使企业家利用BM的认知功能，同时将构建的价值创造元素设计为其新企业的真实属性(Massa等人，2017)。尽管目前对商业模式的研究还很广泛，但我们运用社会情境认知理论研究了企业家在启动技术型新企业的早期阶段是如何认知地处理商业模式构建的。通过溯因推理程序，我们汇总了商业模式的四种潜在的社会认知功能，并描述了这些功能如何促进机会的发展。我们研究了企业家的教育背景(STEM与非STEM)是否影响他们对结构的认知加工。我们详细讨论了我们的研究对管理认知、商业模式和实践的文献贡献。Gabi A. Kaffka1, Raja Singaram2, Aard J. Groen3, Jeroen Kraaijenbrink4

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Entrepreneurial Cognition of the Business Model Construct: A Mixed Methods Study of STEM and non-STEM Entrepreneurs

Journal of Small Business Strategy 2021, Vol. 31, No. 03, 148-163 ISSN: 1081-8510 (Print) 2380-1751 (Online) ©Copyright 2021 Small Business Institute® www.jsbs.org Introduction 1University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 98, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. gabikaffka@hotmail.com 2University of New Mexico, USA & LM Thapar SOM, India. ilayaraja@gmail.com 3University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands, a.j.groen@rug.nl 4University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands, jk@kraaijenbrink.com Entrepreneurial cognition of the business model construct: A mixed methods study of STEM and non-STEM entrepreneurs Entrepreneurial cognition, Socially situated cognition, Business model, Opportunity development, Abductive analysis APA Citation Information: Kaffka, G. A., Singaram, R., Groen, A. J., & Kraaijenbrink, J. (2021). Entrepreneurial cognition of the business model construct and the influence of founders’ education. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 31(3), 148-163. Managerial cognition literature within strategy features numerous studies that examine the cognitive influences of CEOs and top management teams on the strategy process in established firms (for reviews see Bromiley & Rau, 2016; Narayanan et al., 2011). Similarly, entrepreneurial cognition of the entrepreneurs – knowledge structures that include the cognitive scripts, schemas and processes related to new venture decision-making – plays an important role in strategy generation and execution of new ventures (Payne et al., 2005; Maron et al., 2019). Design of the initial business model (BM) is crucial to the strategy formulation of new ventures and it is certainly subject to the influence of the entrepreneurs’ cognitive processes (Morris et al., 2006; Zott & Amit, 2007). BM design and innovation led by entrepreneurs contribute significantly to the overall firm innovation which remains the bedrock for the survival and growth of these firms (Dunne et al., 2016; Ahluwalia et al., 2017; Barwinski et al., 2020). Hence, recent studies on the role of managerial cognition on BM design have called for more research attention into this subject (Foss & Saebi, 2017; Frankenberger & Sauer, 2019). According to the theoretical perspective of socially situated cognition, entrepreneurial opportunities are cocreated through the shared cognition distributed among entrepreneurs and their stakeholders (Mitchell et al., 2011; Dew, Grichnik, Mayer-Haug, Read & Brinckmann, 2015). Scholars have argued that the BM aids opportunity co-creation by acting as “the cognitive link between entrepreneurial appraisal of the opportunity and its exploitation” (George & Bock, 2011, p. 88). Similarly, Doz and Kosonen (2010, p. 371) suggest that a new venture’s BM functions as the ”cognitive structure” that provides “a theory of how to set boundaries to the firm, how to create value, and how to organize its internal structure and governance.” Taking a cognitive approach, Martins et al. (2015) showed that entrepreneurs could innovate the BMs of their firm through analogical reasoning and conceptual combinations. Building on this, we argue that entrepreneurial cognition could enable entrepreneurs to leverage the cognitive functions of the BM while designing the value creation elements of the construct as real attributes of their new venture (Massa et al., 2017). Despite the breadth of extant research on BMs Applying the theory of socially situated cognition, we study how entrepreneurs cognitively process the business model construct during the early stages of launching technology-based new ventures. Through an abductive reasoning procedure, we aggregate four underlying socially situated cognitive functions of the business model and describe how these functions facilitate opportunity development. We examine if the entrepreneur’s educational background (STEM vs non-STEM) influences their cognitive processing of the construct. We discuss the contribution of our study to the literature on managerial cognition, business models, and to practice in detail. Gabi A. Kaffka1, Raja Singaram2, Aard J. Groen3, Jeroen Kraaijenbrink4

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来源期刊

Journal of Small Business Strategy Business, Management and Accounting-Strategy and Management

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

4 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Small Business Strategy is an applied research journal. Manuscripts should be written with the small business/entrepreneurship educator, small business consultant in mind. Both conceptual and empirically-based papers are encouraged, but they must have an applied focus. All papers must have a significant literature review, be properly documented, with citations from research-based works rather than popular press or web sites. Since JSBS is an applied research journal, each article should include a substantial "Discussion and Implications" section that details how the research findings are relevant for the journal''s readers. Authors are discouraged from submitting manuscripts with extremely complex statistical analyses and/or a purely theoretical orientation. Case studies are acceptable if they contribute substantial to the understanding of small business strategy and include a significantly to the understanding of small business strategy and include a significant literature review that underscores the issues in the case. We do not accept teaching or pedagogical cases.