目标强度的Cyclothone物种与脂肪填充泳装

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
Marian Peña , Lou Andrès , Rafael González-Quirós
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引用次数: 2

摘要

声学散射模型的使用提供了对单个目标回波的估计,其允许声学学家将声学信息转换为具有生物学意义的测量。关于生物体目标强度的文献很多,但主要集中在小型中上层鱼类和浮游动物的商业种群上。也有一些中上层水域的泳装模型。然而,下层中上层和半深海区的深层物种往往有退化的或缺乏游泳池。这些栖息地的数量密度较低,因此单目标研究和角度变化具有特别的相关性。蟒蛇是地球上最丰富的鱼类,也是深海区生物量的主要组成部分,在上层中上层和所有物种的幼虫阶段都有充气的膀胱,但随着年龄的增长,更深的物种会逐渐充满膀胱。因此,它们从含气体的声学散射变为类似流体的类型。本研究应用了Kirchoff射线模式(KRM)模型,该模型基于从比斯开湾全年拍摄的生物照片中获得的独眼巨人个体的真实鱼类体型,以获得这些个体的目标强度(TS)。宽度与标准长度(SL)的关系符合以下方程:宽度=0.01+0.02*SL。宽侧瑞利区的TS估计值与SL具有显著的线性相关性,可作为其散射的近似值(分别在18、38和70 kHz时,TS=35*log10(SL)−119、TS=35*log10(SL)−106和TS=35*.log10(ssl)−97)。120和200kHz下的TS与标准长度没有显著相关性。鱼体声速和密度值的变化极大地改变了TS水平。假设浮力为中性(身体密度接近周围海水密度),在18、38和70、120和200 kHz时,平均TS值分别位于−91、−85、−78、−77和−80 dB。TS随方位的变化也被认为描述了回波水平和TS光谱的重要变化。这项研究提供了有关中下层和半深海独龙科物种声学特征的相关信息,可用于更好地从这些地区的声学记录中推断知识。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Target strength of Cyclothone species with fat-filled swimbladers

The use of acoustic scattering models provide estimates of single target echoes that allow acousticians to convert acoustic information into biologically meaningful measures. The literature on organisms’ target strength is extensive but is mainly focused on commercial stocks of small pelagic fishes and zooplankton species. A few models of swimbladdered fishes of the mesopelagic zone are also available. However, deep species of the lower mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones tend to have regressed swimbladders or lack one. These habitats have low numerical densities and thus single target studies and angle variation are of particular relevance. Cyclothone spp, the most abundant fishes in the planet and a major constituent of the biomass in the bathypelagic zone, possess gas-filled swimbladders in the upper mesopelagic zone and in larvae stages of all species, but deeper species gradually fill their swimbladder with age. They thus change from a gas-bearing acoustic scattering to a fluid like type. This study applies the Kirchoff Ray Mode (KRM) model based on real fish body shapes of Cyclothone individuals derived from photographs of organisms captured along the year in the Bay of Biscay in order to obtain target strength (TS) of these individuals. Width versus standard length (SL) values fitted the following equation: width=0.01+0.02*SL. Estimated TS values in the Rayleigh zone at broadside had significant linear correlations with SL that can be employed as an approximation of their scattering (TS = 35*log10(SL) − 119, TS = 35*log10(SL) − 106 and TS = 35*log10(SL) − 97 at 18, 38 and 70 kHz respectively). TS at 120 and 200 kHz were not significantly correlated with standard length. Changes in fish body sound speed and density values highly vary the TS level. Assuming neutral buoyancy (body density close to surrounding seawater density), mean TS values were located at −91, −85, −78, −77, −80 dB at 18, 38 and 70, 120 and 200 kHz respectively. TS changes with orientation were also considered depicting important variations in echo level as well as in TS spectra. This study provides relevant information on the acoustic characteristics of lower mesopelagic and bathypelagic Cyclothone species that can be employed to better infer knowledge from acoustic recordings in those areas.

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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
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