When to consider allogeneic transplant for chronic myeloid leukemia

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has historically been recognized as the only curative therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, the remarkable success of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) which result in excellent long-term disease control in the majority of newly diagnosed CML patients, has forever changed the treatment strategy of CML. However, TKIs fail some patients, due to treatment resistance, relapse, progression, and toxicity, and for these patients ASCT remains a potentially curative option. In this review, we will discuss the indications and outcomes of allogeneic transplant for patients with CML in the modern era.