MDIO: Open-source format for multidimensional energy data

MDIO is a fully open-source data storage format that enables computational workflows for various high-dimensional energy data sets including seismic data and wind models. Designed to be efficient and flexible, MDIO provides interoperable software infrastructure with existing energy data standards. It leverages an open-source format called Zarr to enable data usage in the cloud and on-premises file systems. An overview of the data model and schema for MDIO is provided, and an open-source Python library developed to work with MDIO data is demonstrated. We explain how MDIO supports different computational workflows and discuss applications for data management, seismic imaging, machine learning, wind resource assessment, and real-time seismic visualization. Overall, MDIO gives researchers, practitioners, and developers in the energy sector a standardized and open approach to managing and sharing multidimensional energy data.