儿童药疹

中国小儿急救医学 Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI:10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4912.2019.09.002

Wenmin Lu

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引用次数: 0

摘要

儿童药疹的流行病学、临床表现和适当的诊断方法仍知之甚少。一方面，由于儿童的体重和年龄特点，儿童对药物的不良反应与成人不同。另一方面，它们可以模仿许多其他皮肤疾病，尤其是病毒性皮疹，经常表现为斑丘疹或麻疹样皮疹，有时与皮肤药物不良反应难以区分。同时，用于成人药疹管理的工具也适用于儿童。尽管这似乎是普遍可以接受的，但药物爆发和管理的某些方面因年龄而异。儿童药疹的发病机制与病毒感染、免疫状态、药物及代谢酶作用有关。儿童的大多数反应仍然归因于β内酰胺。皮肤测试和其他诊断程序在儿童中的实用性和有效性需要进一步评估。治疗的关键是早期诊断、停用可疑药物、评估预后和专家支持。关键词：药疹；药物过敏；儿童

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Drug eruption in children

The epidemiology, clinical manifestations and appropriate diagnostic methods of drug eruption in children are still poorly understood.On the one hand, children′s adverse reactions to drugs are different from adults because of their weight and age characteristics.On the other hand, they can mimic many other skin diseases, especially viral exanthems, frequently appearing as a maculopapular or morbilliform rash sometimes indistinguishable from a cutaneous adverse drug reaction.Meanwhile, the tools used for drug eruption management in adults are applied also for children.Whereas this appears generally acceptable, some aspects of drug eruption and management differ with age.The pathogenesis of drug eruption in children is related to virus infection, immune state, drug and metabolic enzyme effect.Most reactions in children are still attributed to betalactams.The practicability and validity of skin test and other diagnostic procedures need further assessment in children.The key to treatment is early diagnosis, discontinuation of suspect drugs, assessment of prognosis, and specialist support. Key words: Drug eruption; Drug allergy; Children

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来源期刊

中国小儿急救医学

自引率

0.00%

发文量

6226

期刊介绍： Chinese Journal of Neurology was established in 1955, the predecessor of which is Chinese Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. Chinese Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry has been indexed by MEDLINE until 1996, when it was divided into two journals, Chinese Journal of Neurology, and Chinese Journal of Psychiatry. Chinese Journal of Neurology is now indexed by EM, SCOPUS, AJ, WPRIM, CNKI, Wanfang Data, CSCD, etc. The impact factor of the journal is 2.755 in 2017, ranking the first among all neurological and psychological journals in China and among all the 142 medical journals published by the Chinese Medical Association. The journal is available both in print and online.