重金属对人体新陈代谢的影响

IF 2.8 4区医学 Q2 TOXICOLOGY

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods Pub Date : 2019-12-09 DOI:10.1080/15376516.2019.1701594

Zhushan Fu, Shuhua Xi

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引用次数: 360

摘要

随着科技的不断进步，饮用水中的重金属含量已经超过了世界各地监管机构的建议限值。人类接触重金属的主要来源是受污染的饮用水。饮用水中砷、铅、镍、镉、汞等重金属污染的影响已逐渐引起有关部门和人员的重视。众所周知，职业性接触重金属是由于在各种工业过程和/或各种材料(包括颜料和合金)中使用这些金属造成的。暴露在重金属污染的饮用水中对人体代谢产生了一系列不利影响，这在世界各地都有记录。重金属中毒的一般机制是通过活性氧的产生，氧化损伤的出现，以及随后对健康的不利影响。因此，被重金属污染的水在世界范围内造成了很高的发病率和死亡率。为了解决人们对不同重金属对健康影响的关注，本文综述了重金属的来源、分布及其对人体代谢的影响。铅、砷、汞、镉、镍等重金属的积累会破坏人体的主要代谢过程。生物系统中的氧化还原反应是由致癌的金属离子如镍和砷引起的。这些反应产生的自由基会对蛋白质和DNA造成氧化损伤。重金属的积累最终产生活性氧，可引起氧化应激，从而可能导致各种疾病的产生。

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The effects of heavy metals on human metabolism

Abstract As technology continues to advance, heavy metals in drinking water have exceeded recommended limits from regulators around the world. The main source of human exposure to heavy metals is from contaminated drinking water. The effects of drinking water contaminated with heavy metals, such as arsenic, lead, nickel, cadmium and mercury, have gradually caught the attention of the relevant departments and personnel. It is well known that occupational exposure to heavy metals occurs as a result of using these metals in a variety of industrial processes in and/or a variety of materials, including color pigments and alloys. A series of adverse effects on human metabolism has resulted from exposure to heavy metal-contaminated drinking water, which has been recorded from around the world. The general mechanism of heavy metal toxicity is through the production of reactive oxygen species, the appearance of oxidative damage, and subsequent adverse effects on health. Therefore, water contaminated with heavy metals causes high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In order to address concern regarding the health effects of different heavy metals, this paper reviews its sources, distribution and effects of heavy metal on human metabolism. HIGHLIGHTS The accumulation of heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium and nickel will destroy the main metabolic process of human body. Redox reactions in biological systems are caused by carcinogenic metal ions such as nickel and arsenic. The free radicals produced by these reactions cause oxidative damage to proteins and DNA. The accumulation of heavy metals eventually produces reactive oxygen species that can cause oxidative stress, which may lead to the production of various diseases.

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来源期刊

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods TOXICOLOGY-

自引率

3.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods is a peer-reviewed journal whose aim is twofold. Firstly, the journal contains original research on subjects dealing with the mechanisms by which foreign chemicals cause toxic tissue injury. Chemical substances of interest include industrial compounds, environmental pollutants, hazardous wastes, drugs, pesticides, and chemical warfare agents. The scope of the journal spans from molecular and cellular mechanisms of action to the consideration of mechanistic evidence in establishing regulatory policy. Secondly, the journal addresses aspects of the development, validation, and application of new and existing laboratory methods, techniques, and equipment. A variety of research methods are discussed, including: In vivo studies with standard and alternative species In vitro studies and alternative methodologies Molecular, biochemical, and cellular techniques Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Mathematical modeling and computer programs Forensic analyses Risk assessment Data collection and analysis.