根据安哥拉法律“临时”解雇商业公司董事:特别是赔偿

IF 0.1 Q4 LAW
Manuel Tomás Tchakamba
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引用次数: 0

摘要

警告律师文件讨论了根据安哥拉法律制度在没有正当理由的情况下罢免公司董事的问题。为了加强这项研究,从比较法的角度来处理这一主题,特别考虑到葡萄牙语法律制度等,这些制度被广泛认为与欧洲法律有关。总之,除德国法律制度外,对于股份公司和美国法律下的一些国家制度,无正当理由的罢免是一般规则。也就是说,股东可以随时罢免任何董事,无论出于何种原因,尽管罢免是由于对被罢免董事可能遭受的损害的补偿。关于赔偿金额,法律存在分歧,因为对一些人,如法国人,赔偿金额必须由合同确定(在公司章程或管理合同中),而对其他人,如东帝汶人,赔偿金额是合法确定的,相当于两个财政年度内每月赚取的薪酬之和。根据安哥拉法律制度,该规则仅适用于有限公司,《商业公司法》第290条规定,当董事被无限期任命时,以及当董事被指定为固定期限时,可获得六个月的赔偿,薪酬等于董事在任期结束前的薪酬为了加强这项研究,从比较法的角度来探讨这一主题,特别是对葡语法律体系,以及其他被认为与欧洲法律相关的法律体系。一般来说,除德国法律制度、匿名公司和北美法律中的一些州法律外,“临时解雇”符合一般规则,即在大会开会的成员可以随时解雇任何管理人,而无需援引任何正当理由,在大多数情况下,对被解雇的行政人员因被解雇而遭受的损害的补偿。关于赔偿金额,各制度之间存在一些差异,对一些人,如弗朗西斯,赔偿金额必须通过合同(在社会契约或管理合同中)确定,而对其他人,如帝汶人,赔偿金额是合法确定的,相当于两个经济年内每月获得的报酬之和。安哥拉的法律制度只适用于股份公司,《商业公司法》第290条规定,当管理关系无限期建立时,以及当管理关系建立特定时期时,应给予六个月的赔偿,赔偿金应等于管理人在任职至任期结束时将获得的报酬。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A destituição “ad nutum” de administradores de sociedades comerciais à luz do Direito Angolano: em especial, a indemnização
EnglishThis paper discusses the problem of the removal without fair cause of directors of companies, in the light of the Angolan legal system. Aiming to strengthen the study, the subject-matter is approached from a comparative law perspective, taking particularly into account Portuguese-speaking legal systems, amongst others, widely considered to be relevant in European law. In conclusion, with the exception of the German legal system, for the joint-stock companies, and some state systems under the US law, the removal without fair cause is the general rule. That is, the shareholders can remove any director, at any time, notwithstanding any reason, though such removal is due to compensation to the removed directors, for the damages they may have suffered. Regarding the amount of the compensation, the laws diverge, inasmuch as for some, such as the French, the amount must be contractually determined (in the articles of association or in the management contract) and for others, such as the East Timorese, the compensation is legally established and amounts to the sum of the monthly remuneration earned during two financial years. According to the Angolan legal system, in which the rule was established only for limited companies, in article 290, the Commercial Companies Law provides for a compensation of six months, when the director is appointed for an indefinite period, and when the director is appointed for a fixed period, the compensation equals the remuneration that the director would have receive if he had remained in office until the end of the term portuguesO presente paper discute a problematica da destituicao “ad nutum” de administradores de sociedades comerciais a luz do ordenamento juridico angolano. Com o intuito de densificar o estudo, aborda-se a tematica numa perspectiva de direito comparado, especialmente com ordenamentos juridicos lusofonos, entre outros havidos como relevantes no Direito Europeu. Em linhas gerais, com a excepcao do ordenamento juridico alemao, para as sociedades anonimas, e alguns ordenamentos estaduais no direito norte-americano, a destituicao “ad nutum” corresponde a regra geral, no sentido em que os socios, reunidos em Assembleia Geral, podem destituir qualquer administrador, a qualquer momento, sem a necessidade de invocacao de qualquer motivo, sendo devida, na maioria das vezes, uma indemnizacao aos administradores destituidos, pelos prejuizos sofridos com a destituicao. No que tange ao valor da indemnizacao, varias sao as divergencias entre os ordenamentos, sendo que para alguns, como o Frances, o valor deve ser fixado contratualmente (no pacto social ou no contrato de administracao) e para outros, como o Timorense, a indemnizacao e estabelecida legalmente e equivale ao somatorio das remuneracoes mensais auferidas durante dois exercicios economicos. No ordenamento juridico angolano, cujo regime encontra-se consagrado apenas para as sociedades por quotas, no art.o 290.o, a Lei das Sociedades Comerciais preve uma indemnizacao de seis meses, quando a relacao de administracao se estabelece por tempo indeterminado, e, quando esta se estabelece por tempo determinado, a indemnizacao equivale as remuneracoes que o administrador auferiria se se mantivesse no cargo ate ao termo do mandato.
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