N. Koenig, M. Scholer, Tara Littlefield, B. Ruhfel
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Phylogenetic placement of Trifolium kentuckiense (Fabaceae), a new member of the native eastern North American clover clade
ABSTRACT In 2013, a new species of clover endemic to Kentucky was described. This species, Trifolium kentuckiense (Fabaceae), has yet to be placed in a phylogeny but is hypothesized to be most closely related to T. reflexum based on morphology. We present phylogenetic evidence from the nuclear (ITS) and plastid genomes (trnL and ndhA introns) that T. kentuckiense is a member of a clade of seven Trifolium species native to eastern North America. Within this clade, T. kentuckiense is strongly placed in a clade with three other annual/biennial Trifolium species (T. bejariense, T. carolinianum, and T. reflexum); it is sister to T. reflexum, although support for this relationship is weak. Our results support previous findings that suggest the ndhA intron is much more variable than the trnL intron in the Eurosid I clade. The ndhA intron contained over twice the number of parsimony informative characters when compared to the trnL intron, though ITS was more variable than either region. We also provide a dichotomous key to native and nonnative members of Trifolium for Kentucky and its surrounding states. We suggest determinations of historic specimens of Trifolium, particularly those identified as T. reflexum, be reassessed to obtain localities that may still support populations of this recently described species. We also provide guidance on when and in what habitats to search for new populations of this extremely rare taxon.
期刊介绍:
Castanea is named in honor of the American Chestnut tree. Castanea is thebotanical name for Chestnuts, dating back to what the ancient Greeks calledthem.
The American Chestnut is a critically endangered tree that once made up 35%of the forests of the Eastern US before being devastated by a blight thatdestroyed up to 4 billion American Chestnut trees.
Castanea serves professional and amateur botanists by reviewing andpublishing scientific papers related to botany in the Eastern United States.
We accept papers relating to plant biology, biochemistry, ecology, floristics,physiology and systematics.