Adverse prognostic factors for rescuing patients with acute myocardial infarction–induced cardiac arrest receiving percutaneous coronary intervention under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Background: Acute myocardial infarction–induced cardiac arrest has high mortality rate. Objective: To investigate the risk factors of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation combined with percutaneous coronary intervention in rescuing acute myocardial infarction–induced cardiac arrest. Methods: Forty-three eligible patients were assigned into death and survival groups. Their general clinical data, treatment outcomes, and various indicators 24, 48, and 72 h after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implantation were compared. The factors affecting clinical outcomes were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. A nomogram prediction model was constructed and validated. Results: After removing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation device, 19 patients recovered and 24 died (mortality rate: 55.81%). The two groups had different conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration, number of diseased vessels, distribution of culprit vessel, time from cardiac arrest to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implantation, length of stay in critical care unit, and mean arterial pressure 24 and 48 h after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implantation (p < 0.05). Left anterior descending as the culprit vessel, number of diseased vessels, conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration, time from cardiac arrest to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implantation, and mean arterial pressure 48 h after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation resuscitation were independent risk factors for death. The predicted mortality rate was 72.6%, and the actual concordance index (C-index) was 0.869. Such indices after internal and external validations were 0.861 and 0.848, respectively, suggesting a good concordance. Conclusion: Left anterior descending as the culprit vessel, number of diseased vessels, conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration, time from cardiac arrest to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implantation, and mean arterial pressure 48 h after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation resuscitation are independent risk factors for patients with acute myocardial infarction–induced cardiac arrest undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation combined with percutaneous coronary intervention.