Tri Isnani, Bina Ikawati, Asnan Prastawa, Zumrotus Sholichah
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Nilai Budaya Jawa Dalam Pengendalian Malaria Untuk Mencapai Eliminasi Malaria Di Kawasan Bukit Menoreh
Bukit Menoreh is a border area of three regencies and two provinces which have malaria problems. The target to achieve and maintain the predicate as being free or has eliminated malaria was carried out byvarious control methods, either as government programs or community participations. The area itself is a Javanese cultural area in which its values are stronglyheld. This affects existing malaria control efforts. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach, held in three districts in Bukit Menoreh, each with 2 villages. The data was obtained through observations, indepth interview, and focus group discussions (FGD) with 3 groups in each village. The results showed that from the various control efforts carried out there was a culture of ‘isin’ (shame), ‘pekewuh’ (feeling of reluctant), and the influence of community leaders, especially in ‘gotong royong’ or community service activities in environmental cleanliness, health educations, and migration surveillance. The conclusion of this study is that some of these values are supportive, and some are hindering the effort to control malaria. Therefore, a special approach is needed with attention to culture. Intervention to control malaria should pay local wisdom and culture so it can be accepted and implemented.
Abstrak
Bukit Menoreh adalah daerah perbatasan tiga kabupaten dari dua provinsi yang merupakan daerah dengan masalah malaria. Target mencapai dan mempertahankan predikat bebas atau eliminasi malaria dilakukan dengan berbagai cara pengendalian, baik program dari pemerintah maupun peran serta masyarakat. Wilayah ini merupakan wilayah budaya Jawa yang di dalamnya terdapat nilai-nilai budaya yang masih kuat dipegang. Hal ini berpengaruh terhadap usaha pengendalian malaria yang ada. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, di tiga kabupaten di Bukit Menoreh masing-masing diambil dua desa. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan diskusi kelompok terarah (DKT) terhadap tiga kelompok di tiap desa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari berbagai usaha pengendalian malaria terdapat budaya rasa isin (malu), rasa ewuh (sungkan), dan panut (patuh) terhadap pengaruh tokoh dalam masyarakat terutama dalam kegiatan kerja bakti atau gotong royong kebersihan lingkungan, sosialisasi, dan surveilans migrasi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa nilai tersebut ada yang mendukung dan ada yang menghambat usaha pengendalian malaria sehingga diperlukan pendekatan khusus dengan memperhatikan budaya. Kebijakan pengendalian malaria sebaiknya memperhatikan budaya lokal sehingga bisa menggunakan budaya lokal dan bisa diterima dan diterapkan.