乐观主义者:陶菲克·扎伊德的社会传记

IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES
Nadeem Karkabi
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引用次数: 1

摘要

立法、游说、公民教育和妇女参与,巴勒斯坦权力机构预计将专注于机构建设、反腐败,最重要的是安全改革。就巴勒斯坦民间社会和巴勒斯坦权力机构而言,非政治化是包括欧洲和美国援助机构在内的西方捐助者高度政治化目标的结果,对他们来说,和平进程的成功在很大程度上取决于以色列的安全仍然至关重要,以及某些有问题的政治团体和选民被排除在外。关于奥斯陆的基本政治条款及其特质,本可以说得更多。最值得注意的是,奥斯陆框架施加的具体结构限制,包括安全的首要地位(即以色列)和巴勒斯坦权力机构的证券化——这两个都是捐助界的主要关注点,也是巴勒斯坦权力机构治理模式。奥斯陆本身的高度侵入性也没有说出来,它既是一个解决冲突的过程,也是一个国家建设的过程,它让包括西方捐助者甚至以色列在内的外部行为者在巴勒斯坦政治生活中有了直接的发言权。同样,有一种趋势是掩盖巴勒斯坦和萨尔瓦多案件之间的关键差异——最值得注意的是,奥斯陆进程是否应该被视为“从冲突到和平”的过渡。奥斯陆进程是一项临时安排,使冲突的所有核心问题都没有得到解决。尽管存在这些相对较小的问题,贾迈勒的书对促进民主、国家建设和和平建设之间复杂关系的文献做出了及时而受欢迎的贡献。最重要的是,这本书提醒人们,政治解决方案——以及更广泛的政治——在支持民主结果方面的首要地位,以及试图重新设计或冻结巴勒斯坦政治元素的愚蠢行为。正如促进民主努力解释的那样,虽然捐助者的援助可以帮助建立机构,甚至维持它们的运转,但它不能取代充满活力的民间社会和连贯的国内政治。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Optimist: A Social Biography of Tawfiq Zayyad
legislation, lobbying, civic education, and women’s participation, the PA was expected to focus on institution building, anti-corruption, and above all security reform. In the case of both Palestinian civil society and the PA, depoliticization was the result of the highly political goals of Western donors, including European and American aid agencies, for whom the success of the peace process to a large extent depended on Israel’s security remaining paramount and the exclusion of certain, problematic political groups and constituencies. More could have been said about the underlying political provisions of Oslo and its idiosyncrasies. Most notably absent were the specific structural constraints imposed by the Oslo framework, including the primacy of security (for Israel, that is) and the securitization of the PA—both major focuses of the donor community, as well as the PA’s governance model. Also left unsaid is the highly intrusive nature of Oslo itself, which was at once a process of conflict resolution and an exercise in state building, and which gave outside actors—including Western donors and even Israel—a direct say in Palestinian political life. Likewise, there is a tendency to gloss over key differences between the Palestinian and Salvadoran cases—most notably whether the Oslo process, which was an interim arrangement that left all of the core issues of the conflict unresolved, should even qualify as a “conflict-to-peace” transition. Despite these relatively minor issues, Jamal’s book is a timely and welcome contribution to the literature on the complex relationships between democracy promotion, state building, and peace building. Above all, the book is a reminder of the primacy of political settlements—and of politics more broadly—in supporting democratic outcomes as well as the folly of attempting to reengineer or freeze out elements of Palestinian politics. While donor aid can help create institutions and even keep them afloat, as Promoting Democracy diligently explains, it is no substitute for a vibrant civil society and coherent domestic politics.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
56
期刊介绍: The Journal of Palestine Studies, the only North American journal devoted exclusively to Palestinian affairs and the Arab-Israeli conflict, brings you timely and comprehensive information on the region"s political, religious, and cultural concerns. Inside you"ll find: •Feature articles •Interviews •Book reviews •Quarterly updates on conflict and diplomacy •A settlement monitor •Detailed chronologies •Documents and source material •Bibliography of periodical literature
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