人类早期和晚期肠道微生物群的对比及其对宿主健康和疾病的影响

Q3 Medicine
O. Skillington, S. Mills, A. Gupta, E. Mayer, C. Gill, D. Rio, Kenneth J. O'Riordan, J. Cryan, R. Ross, C. Stanton
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引用次数: 4

摘要

肠道微生物群从出生起就在健康和发育中发挥着重要作用,并在一生和晚年继续影响几个过程。在婴儿期和老年期,肠道微生物群的轨迹都会发生变化,在这两个阶段对宿主的影响截然不同。婴儿肠道不稳定,定植受到各种围产期和产后因素的影响。这些因素中的许多都会导致婴儿期微生物群特征的改变,这可能与日后的负面后果有关,如过敏、肥胖和神经精神障碍。晚年肠道微生物群受到宿主、疾病、饮食和生活方式的生理变化的影响,这些变化会影响其组成和功能。事实上,微生物多样性的减少、有益微生物的丧失和致病微生物的增加是老年微生物组的关键特征。这种变化与退行性疾病有关,包括炎症、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病,以及感染艰难梭菌的风险增加。在这里,我们研究了有助于对比肠道微生物群紊乱的早期和晚期因素以及与这些紊乱相关的后果。最后,我们提供了令人信服的营养和益生菌/益生元干预措施的证据,这些干预措施可能有助于缓解肠道微生物群变化对老年人的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The contrasting human gut microbiota in early and late life and implications for host health and disease
The gut microbiota plays a significant role in health and development from birth and continues to affect several processes throughout life and into old age. During both infancy and old age, the trajectory of the gut microbiota changes with contrasting consequences at both stages for the host. The infant gut is unstable, and colonization is influenced by a variety of perinatal and postnatal factors. Many of these factors can contribute to an altered microbiota profile in infancy which can be associated with negative consequences later in life such as allergies, obesity, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The late-life gut microbiota is influenced by physiological changes within the host, illness, diet and lifestyle that impact its composition and functionality. Indeed, reduced microbial diversity, loss of beneficial microorganisms and increased pathobionts are key signatures of the elderly microbiome. Such changes have been associated with degenerative diseases including inflammageing, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and increased risk of infection with Clostridioides difficile. Here, we examine early- and late-life factors that contribute to contrasting gut microbiota disturbances and the consequences associated with these disruptions. Finally, we provide compelling evidence of nutritional and probiotic/prebiotic interventions that may help alleviate the effects of gut microbiota changes into old age.
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来源期刊
Nutrition and Healthy Aging
Nutrition and Healthy Aging Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
1.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
17
期刊介绍: Nutrition and Healthy Aging is an international forum for research on nutrition as a means of promoting healthy aging. It is particularly concerned with the impact of nutritional interventions on the metabolic and molecular mechanisms which modulate aging and age-associated diseases, including both biological responses on the part of the organism itself and its micro biome. Results emanating from both model organisms and clinical trials will be considered. With regards to the latter, the journal will be rigorous in only accepting for publication well controlled, randomized human intervention trials that conform broadly with the current EFSA and US FDA guidelines for nutritional clinical studies. The journal will publish research articles, short communications, critical reviews and conference summaries, whilst open peer commentaries will be welcomed.
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