Russia and China in the Eastern Mediterranean: On Parallel Tracks?

ABSTRACT With the advancement in 2013 of its Belt and Road Initiative, China emerged as a new player in many regions in which it had been absent. These regions included the Eastern Mediterranean, where Russia has long been present, although historically Russian engagement varied depending on the geopolitical situation and its military-strategic and economic capabilities. This article explores whether the Eastern Mediterranean is witnessing a Russo-Chinese alliance in the making, with Russian and Chinese interests intersecting, or whether they are still developing on parallel tracks in relative isolation from one another. Moreover, how are the Eastern Mediterranean countries reacting, and will a growing Russian and Chinese presence correspond with or run counter to these countries’ interests?