马来亚最大的威胁是什么?缓慢发生的灾难和英属马来亚混乱的政治,约1900 - 1950年

Q2 Arts and Humanities
Fiona Williamson
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引用次数: 1

摘要

1948年,英属马来亚农业总监F.Burnett的一份令人不寒而栗的声明成为头条新闻。根据伯内特的说法,马来亚山坡上不受控制的土壤侵蚀将很快使该国宝贵的农业用地变得贫瘠。19世纪80年代后,由于大规模、不分青红皂白的农业和工业清理,侵蚀情况大大恶化。到20世纪20年代,它已经成为一个相当大的社会经济和环境问题,也被认为是导致洪水规模和强度以及危险滑坡可能性的原因。英国政府在20世纪上半叶提出了一系列帝国范围的调查,这些调查与全球对土壤退化、粮食安全和经济生产力的新科学兴趣和担忧有关。马来亚殖民地英国政府在承认商业农业所起作用的同时,也倾向于将责任归咎于传统的农民和农民,尤其是中国人。这篇文章讨论了英属马来亚的土壤侵蚀问题,认为这是一场主要缓慢发生的灾难,同时也承认了侵蚀在更突然的灾害中的作用,如滑坡。它还探讨了侵蚀是如何与马来亚不断演变的指责文化联系在一起的,这种文化涉及在不同时期对不同社会群体的歧视。因此,围绕土壤侵蚀的叙事为英属马来亚环境、殖民主义和政治的相互作用提供了一个视角。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Malaya’s greatest menace? Slow-onset disaster and the muddy politics of British Malaya, c. 1900–50
In 1948, a chilling statement from British Malaya’s Director of Agriculture, F. Burnett, made headline news. According to Burnett, unchecked soil erosion across hillside Malaya would soon render the country’s precious agricultural land infertile. Erosion had worsened considerably after the 1880s due to widespread, indiscriminate agricultural and industrial clearing. By the 1920s, it had become a sizeable socioeconomic and environmental issue, thought also to contribute to the scale and intensity of flooding and the likelihood of dangerous landslips. The British Government raised a series of empire-wide inquiries across the first half of the twentieth century, tied to an emerging global scientific interest in, and concern about, soil degradation, food security and economic productivity. The colonial British Government of Malaya—whilst acknowledging the part played by commercial agriculture—also tended to place blame on traditional shifting cultivators and farmers, especially the Chinese. This article discusses the problem of soil erosion in British Malaya as a primarily slow-onset disaster while also acknowledging erosion’s contributing role in more sudden hazards, such as landslips. It also explores how erosion was linked with an evolving blame culture in Malaya, involving discrimination against different social groups at different times. The narratives surrounding soil erosion thus offer a lens into the interplay of environment, colonialism and politics in British Malaya.
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来源期刊
International Review of Environmental History
International Review of Environmental History Arts and Humanities-History
CiteScore
0.50
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0.00%
发文量
11
审稿时长
26 weeks
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