发展理想主义、国际人口运动与肯尼亚人口意识形态的转变*

IF 1.3 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
S. Watkins, D. Hodgson
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引用次数: 6

摘要

发展理想主义关于“现代”家庭实践如何帮助实现现代繁荣社会的信念并不是自发传播的,尤其是在家庭制度最初与“现代”理想几乎没有相似之处的社会中。我们研究了肯尼亚在20世纪60年代是如何成为第一个采取降低生育率政策的撒哈拉以南国家的,尽管肯尼亚领导人和他们的西方顾问最初有着截然不同的人口意识形态。顾问们是新马尔萨斯主义者,他们认为在死亡率迅速下降的情况下继续保持高生育率是对第三世界发展的严重威胁,而大多数肯尼亚人是传统重商主义者,认为更大的家庭和更多的人口是财富和繁荣的标志。肯尼亚人转变为新马尔萨斯主义通常被认为是教育和理性的简单结果:肯尼亚人开始相信,进步需要减缓人口增长和降低生育率,这是通过现代生育控制方法实现的。我们的账户不同。它承认,新马尔萨斯主义是西方的一种出口,面临着巨大的反对,它的采用是新马尔萨斯人协调运动的结果,该运动向肯尼亚精英施加压力,要求他们改变人民的亲密行为。我们得出的结论是,发展理想主义已经从其西方起源传播到世界各地的普通人,但这个过程并不简单、不可避免或统一。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Developmental Idealism, the International Population Movement, and the Transformation of Population Ideology in Kenya*
The spread of developmental idealism's beliefs about how “modern” family practices help achieve a modern prosperous society did not happen spontaneously, especially in societies whose family systems bore little initial resemblance to the “modern” ideal. We examine how Kenya in the 1960s became the first sub-Saharan country to adopt a fertility reduction policy, even though Kenya's leaders and their Western advisers initially had very different population ideologies. The advisers were neo-Malthusians who viewed continued high fertility in the face of rapid mortality decline as a grave threat to Third World development, whereas most Kenyans were traditional mercantilists who viewed a larger family and a larger population as signs of wealth and prosperity. Kenyans' conversion to neo-Malthusianism is often presented as the simple result of education and reason: Kenyans came to be convinced that progress requires slower population growth and lower fertility, achieved through modern methods of fertility control. Our account differs. It recognizes that neo-Malthusianism was a Western export that faced substantial opposition and that its adoption was the result of a coordinated movement by neo-Malthusians that applied pressure on Kenyan elites to change the intimate behavior of their people. We conclude that developmental idealism has spread from its Western origins to ordinary people around the world, but that the process was not simple, inevitable, or uniform.
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来源期刊
Sociology of Development
Sociology of Development Social Sciences-Development
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
8.30%
发文量
14
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