Prevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Among Children Age Groups

In our study prevalence of coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Children age groups, by diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment of COVID-19 in children. The incidence of COVID-19 among children under 18 years was 1.8 % based on the reported studies, where the mortality rate in the same age group was 0.3 %. No death has been reported in children under 10-years old. It has also been reported that the case fatality rates for the age groups of 0-9 years and 10-19 years are zero and 0.2%, respectively. Cai, et al. [1] There are some studies that report children with COVID-19 having rashes, symptoms and signs similar to Kawasaki’s disease. Heart complications were observed in these cases of Kawasaki’s disease. the levels of bilirubin and hepatic enzymes are the best markers for diagnosing the severity of the disease in the affected children. Large number of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on cell surfaces, effective innate immune system, and high level of blood lymphocyte have been reported to be the potent reasons for lower incidence of severe symptoms of COVID-19 among children. Children with severe COVID-19 clinical symptoms, especially those suffering from upper respiratory tract symptoms and signs and pneumonia, also children with gastrointestinal tract symptoms and signs as vomiting and diarrhea must be hospitalized similar to adults, while quarantine and home isolations are required for those having mild symptoms. Antiviral medication (Remdesivir, darunavir, ribavirin, oseltamivir, tocilizumab, umifenovir and favipiravir,) ACE inhibitors, interferon-α 2b, co-therapy with azithromycin, inhaling iNO, inhaled bronchodilators and oxygen therapy can be used for treatment. The best treatment for affected children without any clinical and infection symptoms, home isolation protocol has been recommended.