作为文学情境的莫斯科“霍乱病”

IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
S. Ermolenko
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引用次数: 2

摘要

本文考虑了19世纪30年代初首次震撼俄罗斯的霍乱疫情,更确切地说,霍乱到达莫斯科的时间(1830年夏秋)。这篇文章引用了许多当年及以后的文献证据。研究它们的文化和历史方法使我们有可能呈现一幅“令人痛惜的垂死人类的画面”,并评估人们面对以前医学上未知的“印第安人感染”时的恐惧和抑郁程度。文章将“霍乱病”解释为一个不仅对俄罗斯公共生活具有悲剧性意义的事实,而且也是一个人类面临死亡的文学处境。作者运用传记的方法,参照奥尔洛夫和余两位作家的创作行为,对文学情境进行了研究。勒蒙托夫。奥尔洛夫以“草根作家”(a.I.Reitblat)的身份进入俄罗斯文学史,他被认为是F.V.Bulgarin“Vyzhigin”小说的戏仿安排的作者。然而,奥尔洛夫也写了“莫斯科故事”,被称为《霍乱与瘟疫的相遇》,或《所有人类意图的突然毁灭》(1830),由于作者的文学声誉,该故事并没有引起研究人员的注意。文章指出,奥尔洛夫模仿了传统上为大众读者设计的视觉类型,用尖端内容填充视觉,甚至发出了鼓励读者、灌输对上帝和君主信仰的公民信息。在整个疫情期间都待在莫斯科,余。勒蒙托夫将第一次获得面对死亡的真实体验,这将反映在他的作品中。通过分析1830年霍乱流行期间创作的不同流派的诗歌(《萨拉托夫瘟疫》、《瘟疫》(节选)、《战士的坟墓》、《死亡——日落燃烧》和《凶猛的条纹》…)(签名中的标记证明了这一点),文章作者得出结论,霍乱是由年轻诗人感知的,而不是“莫斯科故事”的创作者,不是在特定的历史方面,而是在哲学方面。死亡的体验,加上“垂死的人类的画面”,有助于勒蒙托夫理解存在的永恒矛盾的辩证统一。死亡与生、死亡与不朽将成为勒蒙托夫作品中贯穿始终的主题,赋予其哲学深度和永恒内容。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
“Cholera Morbus” in Moscow as a Literary Situation
This article considers the cholera epidemic (cholera morbus), which first shook Russia in the early 1830s, and more precisely, the time when cholera reached Moscow (summer and autumn of 1830). The article draws on numerous pieces of documentary evidence from those years and later. The cultural and historical approach to studying them makes it possible to present a “bitterly deplorable picture of the dying humanity” and assess the degree of fear and depression in people in the face of the “Indian infection” previously unknown to medicine. The article interprets “cholera morbus” as a fact that is tragically significant not only for Russian public life but also as a literary situation in which a human being faces death. Using the biographical method, the author studies the literary situation referring to the creative behaviour of two authors, A. A. Orlov, and M. Yu. Lermontov. Orlov entered the history of Russian literature as a “grassroots writer” (A. I. Reitblat) known as the author of parody arrangements of the “Vyzhigin” novels by F. V. Bulgarin. However, Orlov also wrote the “Moscow story” known as The Meeting of Plague with Cholera, or The Sudden Destruction of all Human Intentions (1830), which, due to the established literary reputation of the author, does not attract researchers’ attention. The article notes that by parodying the genre form of a vision traditionally designed for the mass reader, Orlov fills it with cutting-edge content and even sends a civic message encouraging readers and instilling faith in God and the Sovereign. Staying in Moscow for the entire epidemic, M. Yu. Lermontov would for the first time get real experience of facing death, which would be reflected in his work. Analysing the poems of different genres (Plague in Saratov, Plague (Excerpt), Grave of a Fighter, Death – Sunset Burns with a Fiery Streak…) created in 1830 during the cholera epidemic (as evidenced by the marks in the autograph), the author of the article concludes that cholera morbus was perceived by the young poet, unlike the creator of the “Moscow story”, not in a particular historical aspect but in philosophical terms. The experience of death, aggravated by the “picture of the dying humanity”, contributed to Lermontov’s comprehension of the eternal antinomy of being in its dialectical unity. Death and life, death and immortality would become a cross-cutting theme in Lermontov’s work giving it philosophical depth and timeless content.
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来源期刊
Quaestio Rossica
Quaestio Rossica HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
0.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
70
期刊介绍: Quaestio Rossica is a peer-reviewed academic journal focusing on the study of Russia’s history, philology, and culture. The Journal aims to introduce new research approaches in the sphere of the Humanities and previously unknown sources, actualising traditional methods and creating new research concepts in the sphere of Russian studies. Except for academic articles, the Journal publishes reviews, historical surveys, discussions, and accounts of the past of the Humanities as a field.
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