Performance of Dental Cements Used for Bonding Zirconia Crowns with Titanium Implants Embedded in an Innovative Bi-Layered Artificial Bone

This study aimed to investigate four dental adhesive cements and develop a new method for constructing a bi-layered bone holder for implant testing. HahnTM Tapered Titanium Implants (Glidewell Laboratories) were embedded in mono- and bi-layered holders, and the implant components were assembled. First molar zirconia crowns and crowns for the tensile bond strength test were milled and sintered. Three self-adhesive resin cements (SARC) and one resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI, Glidewell Laboratories) cement were used to cement the crowns on the abutment. Tensile bond strength, compressive load, and oblique load tests were performed on the implants. The Glidewell Experimental SARC (GES, Glidewell Laboratories) and RMGI cements had the highest tensile bond strength after thermocycling. The implant assemblies with these two cements had the highest mean compressive strength after thermocycling. Under oblique load, the implants with Denali (Glidewell Laboratories) and GES had the highest strength before thermocycling. However, after thermocycling, Dencem (Dentex) and RMGI had the highest strength under an oblique load. The GES cement and RMGI cement had a better overall performance with zirconia crowns and titanium abutments. In addition, a novel technique for constructing an artificial, bi-layered bone holder was successfully developed to mimic the natural structure of the jawbone.