使一个非洲小国非军事化:理由、必要条件和资金

IF 1.1 Q3 ECONOMICS
G. Harris, Tlohang W. Letsie
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引用次数: 2

摘要

非洲国家针对安全部门改革的大多数努力收效甚微。这包括旨在更合理地分配该部门的任务和资源的努力。这篇文章是关于最强烈的SSR形式,军事力量的全面解散。有效非军事化的最好例子是哥斯达黎加,该国自大约70年前解散军队以来一直蓬勃发展。战略形势、莱索托国防部队自成立以来的消极行为以及军事开支的机会成本为南部非洲小国莱索托的非军事化提供了强有力的理由。可以确定成功的非军事化的五个必要条件,即一个国家的公民接受它,一个愿意的政府,一个详细的非军事化计划,一个执行机构和充足的财政。虽然这些都是相互关联的,但该条侧重于财政方面,包括需要外国援助来资助所需的初始投资。非军事化带来的和平红利可用于向所有成年公民提供基本收入补助金。我们估计,这将使最贫穷的95%的家庭的平均收入每年提高20%左右。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Demilitarizing a small African country: Rationale, necessary conditions, and financing
Most efforts directed at security sector reform (SSR) in African countries have had very little impact. This includes efforts aimed at a more rational allocation of tasks and resources in the sector. This article is concerned with the strongest form of SSR, the total disbanding of military forces. The best example of effective demilitarization is Costa Rica, which has flourished since it disbanded its military some 70 years ago. The strategic situation, the negative behavior of its defense force since its formation, and the opportunity costs of military expenditure provide a strong case for the demilitarization of Lesotho, a small country in southern Africa. Five necessary conditions for a successful demilitarization can be identified, namely its acceptance by a country’s citizens, a willing government, a detailed demilitarization plan, an implementing agency, and adequate finances. While these are interrelated, the article focuses on financial aspects, including the need for foreign assistance to finance the initial investment required. The peace dividend resulting from demilitarization could be used to provide a basic income grant to all adult citizens. We estimate that this would raise average incomes of the poorest 95 percent of households by around 20 percent per annum.
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CiteScore
1.00
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