APLIKASI SYIRKAH BERBASIS BAGI HASIL TANGKAPAN IKAN NELAYAN: PERSPEKTIF SOSIAL EKONOMI

Fenomena kemiskinan yang dialami oleh sebagian nelayan pesisir pantai Lhokseumawe disebabkan faktor ekonomi dan sosial, sehingga para nelayan tidak mampu mendapatkan pendapatan yang layak dan akses pendidikan yang memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktik bagi hasil tangkapan ikan nelayan, aplikasi syirkah pada praktik bagi hasil tersebut di kalangan nelayan Kota Lhokseumawe serta melihat berbagai fenomena kemiskinan pada nelayan di Kecamatan Banda Sakti, kota Lhokseumawe Aceh. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan melakukan penelitian lapangan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa praktik bagi hasil tangkapan ikan yang ada dikalangan nelayan Kecamatan Banda Sakti melibatkan dua pihak sebagai pemberi modal yaitu toke boat dan toke bangku dan selanjutnya di kelola oleh pihak rakan meupakat beserta pawang (nahkoda laut). Aplikasi syirkah terletak pada kerjasama dan kesepakatan dari percampuran modal kedua pihak toke boat dan toke bangku yang kemudian dikelola bersama dengan pihak pengelola. [The phenomena related to the poverty experienced by most fishermen in the coastal areas of Lhokseumawe were caused by the economic and sosial factors. Thus, the fisherman were then unable to obtain reasonable income and adequate education. This research aims at revealing the profit sharing and syirkah (cooperation) practices related to the fish caught by the local fishermen in Lhokseumawe as well as the phenomena of poverty experienced by the fishermen in Banda Sakti sub-district of Lhokseumawe. This research used a descriptive-qualitative method with various research fields. The results of this research showed that the profit sharing practices related to the fish caught by the local fishermen in Lhokseumawe involved both parties consisting of capital providers called toke boet (boat owner) and toke bangku (capital owner) which were then managed by the rakan meupakat and pawang. The syirkah was practiced due to the cooperation and agreement related to the boat and capital made by toke boet and toke bangku which were mutually managed by the managers until the processes of fish caught by the local fishermen were well completed.]