你不要惹Glia

S. Herculano‐Houzel, S. D. Santos
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引用次数: 15

摘要

脊椎动物神经元在形态和分布上变化很大。虽然确实存在不同类型的神经胶质细胞,但它们的多样性远不如神经元。在过去的十年里,我们对非神经元细胞相对于神经元的绝对数量、密度和比例进行了定量研究。这些研究提出了这样一种观点,即神经胶质细胞在发育和进化过程中的变化程度比神经元更受限制。在形态发生过程中染色质的进行性表观遗传学变化的背景下,对表征神经胶质细胞的基因表达谱的研究的最新证据支持了神经胶质细胞在发育和进化中受限变异的概念,并指出这种限制可能与各种神经胶质细胞类型的晚期分化有关。无论限制性变异是生物学上的既定结果(神经胶质细胞分化后期的简单结果)还是生理上的限制(因为,好吧,你不会在不影响大脑功能的情况下破坏神经胶质,使这些变化变得不可行),我们预测,神经胶质细胞大小和分布的有限变化对神经组织功能具有重要影响,这与其许多基本作用的揭示是一致的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
You Do Not Mess with the Glia
Vertebrate neurons are enormously variable in morphology and distribution. While different glial cell types do exist, they are much less diverse than neurons. Over the last decade, we have conducted quantitative studies of the absolute numbers, densities, and proportions at which non-neuronal cells occur in relation to neurons. These studies have advanced the notion that glial cells are much more constrained than neurons in how much they can vary in both development and evolution. Recent evidence from studies on gene expression profiles that characterize glial cells—in the context of progressive epigenetic changes in chromatin during morphogenesis—supports the notion of constrained variation of glial cells in development and evolution, and points to the possibility that this constraint is related to the late differentiation of the various glial cell types. Whether restricted variation is a biological given (a simple consequence of late glial cell differentiation) or a physiological constraint (because, well, you do not mess with the glia without consequences that compromise brain function to the point of rendering those changes unviable), we predict that the restricted variation in size and distribution of glial cells has important consequences for neural tissue function that is aligned with their many fundamental roles being uncovered.
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