伊斯兰党几十年的努力换来了马来西亚第15届大选的绿色浪潮

Q3 Social Sciences
Altaf Deviyati
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引用次数: 0

摘要

马来西亚第15届大选(GE15)的结果打破了选前流行的预测,即年轻选民将投票给受年轻理想驱动的进步政党,而争夺相同选民基础的马来政党将难以获得支持。由于实施了两项选举改革,即自动选民登记(AVR)和将投票年龄从21岁降至18岁(Und18),自2018年以来,年轻选民占了600万新选民的大部分。虽然马来人的投票模式确实比其他群体更为多样,但反对华人占主导地位的民主行动党(DAP)的情绪很普遍,似乎是一个团结因素。民主行动党的形象被抹黑为反马来人和反伊斯兰教。新的年轻选民会投票给多民族希望联盟(巴基斯坦人民党,PH)的假设是一个神话。泛马来西亚伊斯兰党(PAS)及其联盟国家联盟(Perikatan Nasional,PN)在半岛北部和东部海岸的五个州几乎大获全胜。民族宗教运动并不是什么新鲜事,但在2018年的上次选举后,它显著增加了。更多以马来为基础的政党争夺半岛马来人的选票——超过50%的选民,他们的影响力因选民比例失调和选区划分不公而进一步扩大——这意味着每个政党都试图在自己的马来风格上胜过另一个。然而,在保护马来人和伊斯兰教方面,PAS领先,尤其是在马来人失去了对马来民族联合组织(UMNO)的信任,也不相信其他马来政党能够应对DAP威胁的时候。PAS有一种明确而一致的基于信仰的意识形态,近年来,这种意识形态与马来人的身份认同和民族主义交织在一起。由于马来人的宪法定义与伊斯兰教有关,PAS很容易将保护伊斯兰教等同于保护马来人的权利,并将自己定位为巫统的合乎逻辑的替代者。Und18和AVR都于2021年12月实施,但没有任何民主教育计划,这对培养民主文化是必要的。根据IMAN Research对GE15的情绪分析,许多年轻人在对投票感到兴奋的同时,对民主、人权、宪法和少数民族权利等关键概念普遍感到陌生。在这种情况下,只有家庭成员和社交媒体才能直接了解民主。社交媒体在此次选举的竞选活动中发挥了重要作用,部分原因是新冠肺炎疫情早些时候因社交而限制了公众集会
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
PAS’s decades of hard work paid off with the Green Wave in Malaysia’s GE15
The result of Malaysia’s 15th General Election (GE15) defied the popular pre-election prediction that young voters would vote for progressive parties driven by youthful ideals and that the Malay-based parties vying for the same voter base would struggle to gain traction. Thanks to the implementation of two electoral reforms, the Automatic Voter Registration (AVR), and the lowering of voting age from 21 to 18 (Undi18), young voters constituted the bulk of six million new voters since 2018. While the Malays’ voting patterns were indeed more diverse than those of other groups, the sentiment against the Chinese-dominant Democratic Action Party (DAP), whose image has been smeared as anti-Malays and anti-Islam, was prevalent and appeared to be a unifying factor. The assumption that new young voters would vote for the multiethnic Alliance of Hope (Pakatan Harapan, PH) was a myth. The PanMalaysian Islamic Party (PAS) and its coalition National Alliance (Perikatan Nasional, PN) had almost a clean sweep in five Northern and East Coast states of the Peninsula. Ethno-religious campaigning is nothing new, but it increased significantly after the last election in 2018. More Malay-based parties vying for the Peninsular Malay votes – exceeding 50% of the electorate, whose weight was further amplified by malapportionment and gerrymandering of electoral constituencies – meant that each party tried to out-do the other in their Malay-ness. However, when it came to protecting Malays and Islam, PAS had a head start, especially during a time when the Malays had lost their trust in the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and did not trust that other Malay-based parties could address the DAP threat. PAS has a clear and consistent faithbased ideology, which in recent years has been intertwined with Malay identity and ethnonationalism. As the constitutional definition of Malay is tied to Islam, PAS easily equated protecting Islam with protecting Malay rights and positioned itself as the logical alternative to UMNO. Both Undi18 and AVR were implemented in December 2021 without any programme of democratic education, which is necessary to nurture a democratic culture. Based on IMAN Research’s sentiment analysis on the GE15, many youths, while being excited to vote, were in general unfamiliar regarding key concepts of democracy, human rights, the Constitution and the rights of minorities etc. In this situation, the immediate understanding on democracy would only be from family members and social media. Social media played a significant role in the campaign for this election, partly because the Covid-19 pandemic had earlier limited public gatherings due to social
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来源期刊
Round Table
Round Table Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development
CiteScore
1.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
77
期刊介绍: Founded in 1910, The Round Table, Britain"s oldest international affairs journal, provides analysis and commentary on all aspects of international affairs. The journal is the major source for coverage of policy issues concerning the contemporary Commonwealth and its role in international affairs, with occasional articles on themes of historical interest. The Round Table has for many years been a repository of informed scholarship, opinion, and judgement regarding both international relations in general, and the Commonwealth in particular, with authorship and readership drawn from the worlds of government, business, finance and academe.
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