植物油生产中皂液处理存在的问题及对策

L. Sabliy
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引用次数: 0

摘要

植物油生产过程中产生的废水中含有在皂料加工过程中进入的各种污染物:脂肪和脂肪酸及其盐(肥皂水溶液)、甘油、磷酸甘油、中性脂肪、磷脂、蛋白质、碳水化合物、染料、不皂化和蜡质物质、盐、机械杂质等。的目标。这项工作的目的是研究石油生产工业废水的净化过程,并提出一种有效的处理技术,同时考虑到将处理后的废水排放到城市污水系统的监管要求。方法。化学需氧量(COD)用重铬酸盐法测定。用重量法测定悬浮物浓度。结果。通过研究,选择碳酸钙作为碱性试剂。用碳酸钙处理皂基后再浮选,悬浮颗粒去除率达70 ~ 75%,COD降低60%。在研究的基础上,提出了一套处理皂料的工艺流程,包括理化废水处理的顺序流程——平均、碳酸钙碱化、第一阶段浮选、混凝、第二阶段浮选、过氧化氢氧化、石英过滤器过滤和碳过滤器吸附。结论。开发了一种有效的皂粕采油初洗工艺。这将大大降低皂粕中有机物和其他污染物的浓度,从而大大减少这类废水对城市废水处理厂生物废水处理过程的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
PROBLEMS OF SOAPSTOCK TREATMENT OF VEGETABLE OIL PRODUCTIONS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
Wastewater generated during vegetable oil production contains various pollutants that enter it during soapstock processing: fats and fatty acids and their salts (aqueous soap solutions), glycerin, phosphoglycerates, neutral fat, phosphatides, proteins, carbohydrates, dyes, unsaponifiable and waxy substances, salts, mechanical impurities, etc. Aim. The purpose of the work was to study the processes of purification of industrial wastewater from oil production and to propose an effective technology for their treatment, taking into account the regulatory requirements for the discharge of treated wastewater into the city sewage system. Methods. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was determined by the dichromate method. The concentration of suspended solids was determined by gravimetric method. Results. As a result of research, calcium carbonate was chosen as an alkaline reagent. After treatment of soapstock with calcium carbonate followed by flotation, the effect of removing the suspended particles was 70–75%, and COD decreased by 60%. On the basis of the research, a technology for processing soapstock was proposed, including sequential processes of physicochemical wastewater treatment —averaging, alkalization with calcium carbonate, stage I of flotation, coagulation, stage II of flotation, oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, filtration through quartz filters and adsorption on carbon filters. Conclusion. An effective technology for preliminary cleaning of the soapstocks oil production has been developed. This will significantly reduce the concentration of organic matter and other pollutants in soapstocks, which will significantly reduce the impact of such effluents on the processes of biological wastewater treatment of urban wastewater treatment plants.
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