Dietary Patterns Associated with Adult Obesity in Tehran, Iran: A Scoping Review

Background and Objec ti ve: Iden ti fi ca ti on of obesity-related dietary pa tt erns in any culture can a ff ect policymaking. The purpose of the study was to summarize obesity-related dietary pa tt erns and their food groups in Tehranian adults. Materials and Methods: The study followed the fi ve stages in the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. We searched interna ti onal databases (PubMed, Web of Science), na ti onal databases (SID, Iran Doc) and Google Scholar search engine with the keywords obesity, overweight, dietary pa tt erns, ea ti ng pa tt erns, food pa tt erns, diet and Iran for fi nding related studies that have been published in the last two decades (2000-2020) along with the manual search of the list of selected study sources and gray literature (disserta ti ons and fi nal research report). Results: A total of 12 studies were included in the review study. 17 out of 33 dietary pa tt erns were associated with obesity. Eight diets were undesirable, eight diets were desirable, and one was inconsistently associated with obesity. Food groups common in undesirable diets include sugar-sweetened beverages, sweets, desserts, industrial jui ces, sugar, red meat, processed meats, solid fats, re fi ned grains, snacks. Food groups common in desirable diets include vegetables, fruits, poultry and fi sh, legu mes, whole grains, olive or olive oil. Conclusion: Obesity-related dietary pa tt erns are common in adults in Tehran. This study provided informa ti on on food groups that guide targeted policymaking to improve the food groups in food store supply, household consump ti on, and food industry and agricultural products.