Antecedents of Stage-wise Investment Preferences of Venture Capital and Private Equity Firms in India: An Empirical Exploration

This article is a maiden attempt at exploring determinants of stage-specific investment choices of Indian venture capital and private equity (VCPE) firms. Analysis of 5,782 VCPE investment deals during 1998–2016 shows that firms’ preferences to invest in various stages (early vs. late) are significantly affected by the characteristics of the VCPE firms, features of the deal, and characteristics of the investee firms. More specifically, experience and ownership (foreign vs. domestic) of VCPE firm, type of deal (syndicated or otherwise), investment size of the deal, and location and industry of the investee firm influence the stage of investment. Detailed empirical analysis shows that younger VCPE firms and those with domestic investors prefer to invest in early stages, presumably because they wish to build a reputation and also leverage their proximity with investee firms to manage high market and technological risks associated with early-stage investments. Syndication is another mechanism used to manage the risks associated with early-stage deals. Investee firms in industries that have lower investment requirements or shorter gestation periods and those located in regions with a mature entrepreneurial ecosystems are more likely to attract early-stage investments. JEL Classification: G24, L26, D81