哈布斯堡帝国是一个帝国吗?

IF 0.3 3区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY
J. Connelly
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引用次数: 0

摘要

哈布斯堡王朝似乎双重令人困惑。它的历史学家称其为帝国,但实际上它从未这样称呼自己。在它存在的一小部分时间里(1804 - 1867年),君主制被认为是凯撒王朝,这个词的意思是为失去的帝国头衔(神圣罗马帝国)带来褪色的荣耀。但它的统治者从来没有表现出自信的帝国侵略性,也没有像英国或俄罗斯统治者那样渴望开发遥远的领土,研究全球帝国的学生通常不认为哈布斯堡王朝属于这一类。但是,在把双重君主制称为帝国之后,中欧的专家们失去了历史学家对其他帝国的批判优势,并为哈布斯堡王朝抑制了民族主义而欢呼,民族主义是使20世纪如此致命的力量。君主制不仅是一个帝国,而且是一个有道德的帝国。这篇康恩纪念演讲考察了将哈布斯堡王朝称为帝国的一系列理论和实践原因——正如其臣民经常做的那样。但如果我们这样做,我们应该认识到,像其他帝国一样,它憎恨民主。哈布斯堡帝国与其说是一座阻挡20世纪及其所有罪恶的大坝,不如说是一条管道。
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Was the Habsburg Empire an Empire?
Abstract The Habsburg monarchy seems doubly confounding. Its historians call it an empire, but it actually never called itself that. For a fraction of its existence (1804–67), the monarchy counted as a Kaisertum, a word meant to burnish the fading glory of a lost imperial title (of the Holy Roman Empire). But its rulers never evinced the self-confident imperial aggressiveness or the desire to exploit distant territories that characterized British or Russian counterparts, and students of global empires often do not think the Habsburgs fit the category. But after calling the double monarchy an empire, Central European specialists lose the critical edge historians apply to other empires, and celebrate the Habsburgs for holding back nationalism, the force that made the twentieth century so deadly. The monarchy was not only an empire but a virtuous empire. This Kann Memorial Lecture examines a range of theoretical and practical reasons for calling the Habsburg state an empire—as its subjects often did. But if we do, we should recognize that like other empires it abhorred democracy. Perhaps more than a dam holding back the twentieth century and all its evils, the Habsburg Empire was more a conduit.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
25.00%
发文量
58
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