The Meaning of Χειρόγραφον in Colossians 2:14 Revisited

In this article we explore the uses of χειρόγραφον in ancient papyri and ostraca and conclude that χειρόγραφον does not refer to a debt certificate, contrary to scholars’ consensus (except for Peter Arzt-Grabner). Instead, χειρόγραφον was used to express various handwritten declarations including receipts, loans, contracts, and records of oath in ancient Greek papyri. In particular, χειρόγραφον and its cognate words are used in the formula of declaration ( ὁμολογῶ κατὰ τοῦτο τὸ χειρόγραφον ) and with the expression of oath ( χειρογραφία ὅρκου ). X ειρόγραφον in Colossians 2:14 can be interpreted in this context. Declaration or oath on the observance of religious regulations was significant in ancient paganism and Judaism. Thus, χειρόγραφον can be read as the handwritten document which contains the declaration or oath with regard to the observance of religious regulations.