{"title":"中亚和阿富汗的水资源管理:当前和未来的环境和水问题。Zheenbek E.Kulenbekov和Baktyar D.Asanov编辑","authors":"Kate Altemus Cullen","doi":"10.1659/mrd.mm274","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"As described in Water Resource Management in Central Asia and Afghanistan, the transboundary Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers provide water and food security for more than 80 million people (p 4). Surprisingly little, however, is established in the academic literature on their dynamics and sensitivities to climate change and experiences of environmental degradation and land use change. To fill this gap, this book aggregates a multidisciplinary collection of papers, drawing on hydrology, glaciology, water chemistry, meteorology, and other fields. The resulting anthology provides rich regional context on current and future water issues, with an eye toward implementation of integrated water resource management, transboundary river management, sustainable development, and climate change adaptation. Read as a collection of conference papers, the work finds its strength in offering a cross-disciplinary and prefatory sampling of current and future water management issues facing Central Asia and Afghanistan. The central aim of the book is to further knowledge of water issues, present and future, in the transboundary river basins of Central Asia and Afghanistan. The work’s editors, Zheenbek E. Kulenbekov and Baktyiar D. Asanov, both professors at the American University of Central Asia, come to this work with backgrounds in hydrogeology and chemistry, respectively. They bring deep regional expertise to bear in this work, from careers performing environmental impact assessments and consultancies on water issues for national governments and international agencies. Their stated goal, more precisely, is to provide ‘‘a cross-sectoral, multi-scale assessment of development-directed investigations in the main rivers of wider Central Asia and Afghanistan.’’ To support this point, the book chapters are organized thematically, drawing on studies from an array of authors, primarily local to the region, under each chapter. Themes include current water availability, climate change impacts, water risk analysis, environmental flows, and remote sensing applications. Cross-cutting across the chapters is an understanding of the region as particularly sensitive to the impacts of climate change, explained as a product of its geographical diversity, glacierized headwaters, fragile transboundary river management regime, and high reliance on irrigated agriculture for regional food security. The range of material covered in the book draws on and contributes to literature on development in mountain regions by contextualizing water scarcity as a main limiting factor on regional socioeconomic development. Water modeling and monitoring are presented as key to improving water management and, in turn, development outcomes. Structural choices in the chapter organization and brevity of the individual papers constrain the theoretical and methodological contributions of the book to the broader field of water resource management. These structural choices are visible in 3 key ways: the miscellaneous delineation of chapter topics, the uneven use of a scholarly apparatus, and omission of a synthetic orientation for the reader. The chapter topics are highly interconnected, and the delineation between them is not always clean. This makes it difficult to grasp the unique additional point that each chapter, and the broader field it stems from, adds towards the aim of the work. For example, the papers in the first chapter, which focuses on assessing water resource availability, closely fold in the impact of climate change and other human-driven activities, which is the topic of the second chapter, which likewise includes studies assessing water availability. The 2 papers in the following chapter on water risk, focusing on cotton agriculture in Uzbekistan and groundwater and flooding in northern Bishkek, could easily be folded into either of the preceding chapters because they likewise broadly explore issues that contribute to high risk of water scarcity under climate change. A few papers provide high-quality bibliographies, footnotes, and endnotes; however, these scholarly apparatuses are not offered across the body of work. Each individual paper takes its own approach to providing visual materials, and a select few incorporate figures, figure titles, maps, and site photographs. A regional map of the transboundary rivers of Central Asia and Afghanistan is omitted and would have offered a key resource to contextualize the individual basins studied and build an integrated understanding of the region. Opening and closing remarks that synthesize this rich array of multidisciplinary information and more directly present the intended ‘‘cross-sectoral, multi-scale assessment’’ would have bolstered the work’s ability to achieve its aims. A synthetic orientation would have added more weight and depth to the recommendations sprinkled through the work for a stronger commitment to transboundary management and scientific collaboration, evoked in papers 1, 5, and 6. The omission of a synthesis leaves the work as a repository of information rather than a weaving of argument for a shift in policy or scholarly thinking. The underlying reason for the lack of synthesis is suggested in chapter 14 about designing sustainable futures, which provides the only hint in the work Mountain Research and Development (MRD) An international, peer-reviewed open access journal published by the International Mountain Society (IMS) www.mrd-journal.org MountainMedia","PeriodicalId":49793,"journal":{"name":"Mountain Research and Development","volume":" ","pages":"M1 - M2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Water Resource Management in Central Asia and Afghanistan: Current and Future Environmental and Water Issues. Edited by Zheenbek E. Kulenbekov and Baktyiar D. 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Read as a collection of conference papers, the work finds its strength in offering a cross-disciplinary and prefatory sampling of current and future water management issues facing Central Asia and Afghanistan. The central aim of the book is to further knowledge of water issues, present and future, in the transboundary river basins of Central Asia and Afghanistan. The work’s editors, Zheenbek E. Kulenbekov and Baktyiar D. Asanov, both professors at the American University of Central Asia, come to this work with backgrounds in hydrogeology and chemistry, respectively. They bring deep regional expertise to bear in this work, from careers performing environmental impact assessments and consultancies on water issues for national governments and international agencies. Their stated goal, more precisely, is to provide ‘‘a cross-sectoral, multi-scale assessment of development-directed investigations in the main rivers of wider Central Asia and Afghanistan.’’ To support this point, the book chapters are organized thematically, drawing on studies from an array of authors, primarily local to the region, under each chapter. Themes include current water availability, climate change impacts, water risk analysis, environmental flows, and remote sensing applications. Cross-cutting across the chapters is an understanding of the region as particularly sensitive to the impacts of climate change, explained as a product of its geographical diversity, glacierized headwaters, fragile transboundary river management regime, and high reliance on irrigated agriculture for regional food security. The range of material covered in the book draws on and contributes to literature on development in mountain regions by contextualizing water scarcity as a main limiting factor on regional socioeconomic development. Water modeling and monitoring are presented as key to improving water management and, in turn, development outcomes. Structural choices in the chapter organization and brevity of the individual papers constrain the theoretical and methodological contributions of the book to the broader field of water resource management. These structural choices are visible in 3 key ways: the miscellaneous delineation of chapter topics, the uneven use of a scholarly apparatus, and omission of a synthetic orientation for the reader. The chapter topics are highly interconnected, and the delineation between them is not always clean. This makes it difficult to grasp the unique additional point that each chapter, and the broader field it stems from, adds towards the aim of the work. For example, the papers in the first chapter, which focuses on assessing water resource availability, closely fold in the impact of climate change and other human-driven activities, which is the topic of the second chapter, which likewise includes studies assessing water availability. The 2 papers in the following chapter on water risk, focusing on cotton agriculture in Uzbekistan and groundwater and flooding in northern Bishkek, could easily be folded into either of the preceding chapters because they likewise broadly explore issues that contribute to high risk of water scarcity under climate change. A few papers provide high-quality bibliographies, footnotes, and endnotes; however, these scholarly apparatuses are not offered across the body of work. Each individual paper takes its own approach to providing visual materials, and a select few incorporate figures, figure titles, maps, and site photographs. A regional map of the transboundary rivers of Central Asia and Afghanistan is omitted and would have offered a key resource to contextualize the individual basins studied and build an integrated understanding of the region. Opening and closing remarks that synthesize this rich array of multidisciplinary information and more directly present the intended ‘‘cross-sectoral, multi-scale assessment’’ would have bolstered the work’s ability to achieve its aims. A synthetic orientation would have added more weight and depth to the recommendations sprinkled through the work for a stronger commitment to transboundary management and scientific collaboration, evoked in papers 1, 5, and 6. The omission of a synthesis leaves the work as a repository of information rather than a weaving of argument for a shift in policy or scholarly thinking. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
正如《中亚和阿富汗水资源管理》所述,跨界的阿姆河和锡尔河为8000多万人提供了水和粮食安全(第4页)。然而,令人惊讶的是,学术文献中关于它们的动态和对气候变化的敏感性以及环境退化和土地利用变化的经验的研究却很少。为了填补这一空白,本书汇集了多学科的论文,在水文学,冰川学,水化学,气象学和其他领域绘图。由此产生的选集提供了当前和未来水问题的丰富区域背景,着眼于实施综合水资源管理,跨界河流管理,可持续发展和气候变化适应。作为会议论文的合集,本书的优势在于为中亚和阿富汗当前和未来的水管理问题提供了跨学科的初步样本。本书的中心目标是进一步了解水问题,现在和未来,在中亚和阿富汗的跨界河流流域。这本书的编辑,哲恩贝克·e·库伦别科夫(zhenbek E. Kulenbekov)和巴克蒂亚尔·d·阿萨诺夫(Baktyiar D. Asanov)都是中亚美国大学的教授,他们分别具有水文地质学和化学背景。他们为这项工作带来了深厚的区域专业知识,从从事环境影响评估和为国家政府和国际机构提供水问题咨询的职业。更确切地说,他们宣称的目标是“对更广泛的中亚和阿富汗主要河流的发展导向调查进行跨部门、多尺度的评估”。为了支持这一点,这本书的章节是按主题组织的,每一章都引用了一系列作者的研究,主要是当地的作者。主题包括当前水资源可用性、气候变化影响、水风险分析、环境流动和遥感应用。贯穿各章的是对该地区对气候变化影响特别敏感的理解,解释为其地理多样性、冰川化的源头、脆弱的跨界河流管理制度以及区域粮食安全高度依赖灌溉农业的产物。书中所涵盖的材料范围借鉴并促进了山区发展的文献,将水资源短缺作为区域社会经济发展的主要限制因素。水建模和监测被认为是改善水管理的关键,反过来也是发展成果的关键。章节组织中的结构选择和个别论文的简洁性限制了本书对更广泛的水资源管理领域的理论和方法贡献。这些结构上的选择在三个关键方面是可见的:章节主题的杂乱描述,学术工具的不均匀使用,以及对读者综合方向的遗漏。章节的主题是高度相互关联的,它们之间的界限并不总是清晰的。这使得很难把握每一章的独特的附加点,以及它所源于的更广泛的领域,为工作的目标增加了。例如,第一章的论文侧重于评估水资源的可用性,与气候变化和其他人类活动的影响密切相关,这是第二章的主题,第二章同样包括评估水资源可用性的研究。下一章中关于水资源风险的两篇论文,分别关注乌兹别克斯坦的棉花农业和比什凯克北部的地下水和洪水,可以很容易地合并到前面的章节中,因为它们同样广泛地探讨了气候变化下导致水资源短缺高风险的问题。一些论文提供了高质量的参考书目、脚注和尾注;然而,这些学术设备并没有在整个工作中提供。每一篇单独的论文都有自己的方法来提供视觉材料,并选择了一些数字、数字标题、地图和现场照片。中亚和阿富汗跨界河流的区域地图被省略了,它本可以提供一个关键资源,使所研究的各个流域的背景和建立对该区域的综合了解。如果在开幕词和结束语中综合了这一丰富的多学科信息,并更直接地提出了预期的“跨部门、多尺度评估”,本可以增强该工作实现其目标的能力。论文1、5和6中提出的关于加强跨界管理和科学合作的建议,综合的方向会增加更多的分量和深度。 由于没有综合论述,这本书就成了一个信息仓库,而不是为政策或学术思想的转变编织论据。缺乏综合的根本原因在第14章中提出了关于设计可持续未来的建议,这在山区研究与发展(MRD)工作中提供了唯一的暗示。这是一份由国际山地学会(IMS)出版的国际同行评审开放获取期刊www.mrd-journal.org MountainMedia
Water Resource Management in Central Asia and Afghanistan: Current and Future Environmental and Water Issues. Edited by Zheenbek E. Kulenbekov and Baktyiar D. Asanov
As described in Water Resource Management in Central Asia and Afghanistan, the transboundary Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers provide water and food security for more than 80 million people (p 4). Surprisingly little, however, is established in the academic literature on their dynamics and sensitivities to climate change and experiences of environmental degradation and land use change. To fill this gap, this book aggregates a multidisciplinary collection of papers, drawing on hydrology, glaciology, water chemistry, meteorology, and other fields. The resulting anthology provides rich regional context on current and future water issues, with an eye toward implementation of integrated water resource management, transboundary river management, sustainable development, and climate change adaptation. Read as a collection of conference papers, the work finds its strength in offering a cross-disciplinary and prefatory sampling of current and future water management issues facing Central Asia and Afghanistan. The central aim of the book is to further knowledge of water issues, present and future, in the transboundary river basins of Central Asia and Afghanistan. The work’s editors, Zheenbek E. Kulenbekov and Baktyiar D. Asanov, both professors at the American University of Central Asia, come to this work with backgrounds in hydrogeology and chemistry, respectively. They bring deep regional expertise to bear in this work, from careers performing environmental impact assessments and consultancies on water issues for national governments and international agencies. Their stated goal, more precisely, is to provide ‘‘a cross-sectoral, multi-scale assessment of development-directed investigations in the main rivers of wider Central Asia and Afghanistan.’’ To support this point, the book chapters are organized thematically, drawing on studies from an array of authors, primarily local to the region, under each chapter. Themes include current water availability, climate change impacts, water risk analysis, environmental flows, and remote sensing applications. Cross-cutting across the chapters is an understanding of the region as particularly sensitive to the impacts of climate change, explained as a product of its geographical diversity, glacierized headwaters, fragile transboundary river management regime, and high reliance on irrigated agriculture for regional food security. The range of material covered in the book draws on and contributes to literature on development in mountain regions by contextualizing water scarcity as a main limiting factor on regional socioeconomic development. Water modeling and monitoring are presented as key to improving water management and, in turn, development outcomes. Structural choices in the chapter organization and brevity of the individual papers constrain the theoretical and methodological contributions of the book to the broader field of water resource management. These structural choices are visible in 3 key ways: the miscellaneous delineation of chapter topics, the uneven use of a scholarly apparatus, and omission of a synthetic orientation for the reader. The chapter topics are highly interconnected, and the delineation between them is not always clean. This makes it difficult to grasp the unique additional point that each chapter, and the broader field it stems from, adds towards the aim of the work. For example, the papers in the first chapter, which focuses on assessing water resource availability, closely fold in the impact of climate change and other human-driven activities, which is the topic of the second chapter, which likewise includes studies assessing water availability. The 2 papers in the following chapter on water risk, focusing on cotton agriculture in Uzbekistan and groundwater and flooding in northern Bishkek, could easily be folded into either of the preceding chapters because they likewise broadly explore issues that contribute to high risk of water scarcity under climate change. A few papers provide high-quality bibliographies, footnotes, and endnotes; however, these scholarly apparatuses are not offered across the body of work. Each individual paper takes its own approach to providing visual materials, and a select few incorporate figures, figure titles, maps, and site photographs. A regional map of the transboundary rivers of Central Asia and Afghanistan is omitted and would have offered a key resource to contextualize the individual basins studied and build an integrated understanding of the region. Opening and closing remarks that synthesize this rich array of multidisciplinary information and more directly present the intended ‘‘cross-sectoral, multi-scale assessment’’ would have bolstered the work’s ability to achieve its aims. A synthetic orientation would have added more weight and depth to the recommendations sprinkled through the work for a stronger commitment to transboundary management and scientific collaboration, evoked in papers 1, 5, and 6. The omission of a synthesis leaves the work as a repository of information rather than a weaving of argument for a shift in policy or scholarly thinking. The underlying reason for the lack of synthesis is suggested in chapter 14 about designing sustainable futures, which provides the only hint in the work Mountain Research and Development (MRD) An international, peer-reviewed open access journal published by the International Mountain Society (IMS) www.mrd-journal.org MountainMedia
期刊介绍:
MRD features three peer-reviewed sections: MountainDevelopment, which contains “Transformation Knowledge,” MountainResearch, which contains “Systems Knowledge,” and MountainAgenda, which contains “Target Knowledge.” In addition, the MountainPlatform section offers International Mountain Society members an opportunity to convey information about their mountain initiatives and priorities; and the MountainMedia section presents reviews of recent publications on mountains and mountain development.
Key research and development fields:
-Society and culture-
Policy, politics, and institutions-
Economy-
Bio- and geophysical environment-
Ecosystems and cycles-
Environmental risks-
Resource and land use-
Energy, infrastructure, and services-
Methods and theories-
Regions