Could Physical Activity Have an Impact on the Incidence or Prevention of Diabetes-Related Complications? A Review of the Evidence

Objective: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is chronic health disease characterized by the body’s inability to produce or use the hormone insulin to regulate blood glucose levels. Individuals with diabetes have an increased risk of medical complications. This review sought to systematically assess if physical activity based on interventions improved health outcomes and reduced the risk for complications in individuals with T2DM. Method: Electronic databases such as MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched using a systematic search strategy for randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of physical activity in improving health outcomes or reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality from diabetes related complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The inclusion criteria search period was between 2008 to 2018. Result: Of the 300 articles initially identified, only 15 manuscripts met the inclusion criteria. 13 of the studies showed physical activity improved glycemic control and reduced HbA1c to suitable levels in individuals with elevated levels of glycemic resistance. Conclusion: This small number of studies (15 studies) suggests physical activity may improve glycemic control and health outcomes and reduce the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. However, more research is needed for the efficacy of physical activity on co-morbidities.