冬种普通小麦和硬粒小麦的水分供应

G. Ovsyannikova, A. Popov, А. A. Sukharev, I. K. Kopman, Yu. V. Manukyan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目前的研究于2019-2022年在FSBSI“ARC”顿斯科伊的罗斯托夫地区南部进行。本研究的目的是测定冬小麦和硬粒小麦在不同前茬后的水分含量。在研究过程中发现,降水在季节上的下降是不均匀的。冬小麦生长期的有用降水量(3年平均值)为319.80 mm。研究表明,在无草休耕中播种时,多年总耗湿量(278.90 ~ 445.00 mm)和三年平均耗湿量(381.40 mm)均大于有效降水量。冬小麦对籽粒产量的形成,除了降水外,还消耗了土壤中积累的生产性水分。研究发现,在非休耕后播种时,在土壤中缺乏生产水分储备的情况下,生产力的形成主要是通过降水进行的。播种冬小麦时,豌豆后总耗湿量(2019-2022年平均值)为322.00 mm,向日葵后为315.50 mm。结果表明,‘Zodiak’(7.90 t/ hm2)和‘Yantarina’(6.28 t/ hm2)在无草休耕时产量最高,单产水分消耗最少,分别为487.10 m3/ hm2和649.70 m3/ hm2。在向日葵后播种时,各品种籽粒产量最低,每吨籽粒总耗湿量最高,为5.60 t/ha和599.20 m3(品种‘Zodiak’);4.02吨/公顷和869.70立方米(品种' Yantarina ')。在生产力和每吨粮食的总水分消耗方面,前茬“豌豆”处于无杂草休耕和向日葵之间的中间位置,为6.36吨/公顷528.60立方米(品种“Zodiak”)和4.92吨/公顷823,60立方米(品种“Yantarina”)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Moisture supply of the sown winter common and durum wheat
The current study was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2019–2022. The purpose of the study was to determine the moisture content of the winter common and durum wheat sown after various forecrops. There has been found that during the study, precipitation fell unevenly over the seasons. The amount of useful precipitation during the vegetation period of winter wheat (mean for three years) was 319.80 mm. There has been established that when sown in weedfree fallow, the total moisture consumption both over the years (278.90–445.00 mm) and on average over three years (381.40 mm) exceeded the amount of useful precipitation. On the formation of grain yield winter wheat has spent, in addition to precipitation, the productive moisture accumulated from the soil. There has been found that when sown after non-fallow forecrops, in the absence of reserves of productive moisture in the soil, the productivity formation proceeded mainly due to precipitation. When sowing winter wheat, the total moisture consumption (mean in 2019–2022) was 322.00 mm after peas and 315.50 mm after sunflower. There has been determined that the highest grain yield of the varieties ‘Zodiak’ (7.90 t/ha) and ‘Yantarina’ (6.28 t/ha) was obtained when sown in weedfree fallow, while they spent the least amount of moisture per yield unit, being 487.10 and 649, 70 m3/t respectively. When sown after sunflower, grain yield of the varieties was the lowest, and the total moisture consumption per ton of grain was the highest, being 5.60 t/ha and 599.20 m3 (the variety ‘Zodiak’); 4.02 t/ha and 869.70 m3 (the variety ‘Yantarina’). The forecrop ‘peas’ occupied an intermediate position between weedfree fallow and sunflower both in terms of productivity and total moisture consumption per ton of grain, being 6.36 t/ha and 528.60 m3 (the variety ‘Zodiak’) and 4.92 t/ha 823, 60 m3 (the variety ‘Yantarina’).
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